Restraining Population Growth in Three Chinese Villages, 1988-93
Abstract
Fertility decline during 1988-92 in three villages in the southern fringe of Xianyang City in central Shaanxi province of China is discussed. Decline is attributed to the number of women marrying changes in first and second births and social and political changes. Minister Peng attributes the decline in Chinas fertility to 1.90 children in 1992 to an increased emphasis on birth planning by leaders at all levels and rapid economic development. These changes led to lower birth expectations. The government issued a directive in May 1991 on strict control of population growth. The three villages were initially studied during 1947-88. This study focuses on the economic and demographic changes and policy changes occurring during 1988-92. Shaanxi province has a mixed record of fertility control. In 1981 the total fertility rate (TFR) was 2.42 or 11% under the national average. In 1989-90 TFR was 2.70 or 20% higher than the national average. In 1988 a new set of solutions were offered for solving the problems of birth planning. In 1991 the policy involved a new responsibility system and greater investment of resources on birth control locally. Village family planning underwent the following changes: fiscal constraints improvement in the political climate firm economic incentives and elimination of some obstacles to contraceptive use. These villages became well-to-do. Average incomes are 800 yuan annually. The crude birth rate in 1990 is reported as 17-18 compared to the provincial le…
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Farmers had higher fertility than urban residents even before the one-child policy, and two-child families are the norm in rural areas, where farmers' overwhelming desire for sons who can serve as labor resources and old-age insurance has made the one-child policy difficult to enforce.
“Farmers had higher fertility than urban residents even before the one-child policy, and two-child families are the norm in rural areas, where farmers' overwhelming desire for sons who can serve as labor resources and old-age insurance has made the one-child policy difficult to enforce (Greenhalgh 1990(Greenhalgh , 1994a;;Greenhalgh et al. 1994;White 1987White , 2000)).”
From China's One-Child Policy and the Empowerment of Urban Daughters (2002) · cites this paper as Greenhalgh et al. 1994
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- Authors
- Greenhalgh, S., Chuzhu, Z., & Nan, L.
- ORCID
- Greenhalgh, Susan
- Venue
- Population and Development Review
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 365
- ISSN
- 0098-7921 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003365483
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 14.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Population and Development Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- birth control policy, family planning, fertility control, contraceptive use, sterilization, second birth, son preference, ideal family size, economic development, rural villages, Shaanxi, Xianyang, fertility expectations, women of reproductive age, family size norms, population growth control, road construction
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