The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Probability and Evidence.
Abstract
In Probability and Evidence, one of Britain's foremost twentieth-century philosophers addresses central questions in the theory of knowledge and the philosophy of science. This book contains A.J. Ayer's John Dewey Lectures delivered at Columbia University, together with two additional essays, Has Harrod Answered Hume? and The Problem of Conditionals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
Theory of games and economic behavior
(2019) · 100 Years of Math Milestones · doi:10.1090/mbk/121/32 · Cited by 16,632
The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
Hutchison, T. W., & Popper, K. R. (1959) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2550489 · Cited by 7,499
Madden, E. H., Goodman, N., & Melsen, A. G. V. (1955) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2103789 · Cited by 4,377
(2020) · Radical Treatment · doi:10.2307/j.ctvw1d7dg.9 · Cited by 3,373
Aspects of Scientific Explanation.
Resnik, M. D., & Hempel, C. G. (1966) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2106169 · Cited by 3,319
Keynes, J. M. (1973) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-00843-8 · Cited by 2,575
Hempel, C. G. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,517
Logical Foundations of Probability
Savage, L. J., & Carnap, R. (1952) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1907654 · Cited by 2,033
Introduction to Logical Theory.
Leblanc, H., & Strawson, P. E. (1953) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2103339 · Cited by 1,463
Cited by
HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known
Kerr, N. L. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4 · Cited by 1,989
Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making
(2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470752937 · Cited by 961
Justifying Conditionalization: Conditionalization Maximizes Expected Epistemic Utility
Greaves, H., & Wallace, D. (2006) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/fzl607 · Cited by 384
Accuracy and Coherence: Prospects for an Alethic Epistemology of Partial Belief
Joyce, J. M. (2009) · Synthese Library · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9198-8_11 · Cited by 331
The Probability Heuristics Model of Syllogistic Reasoning
Chater, N., & Oaksford, M. (1999) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0696 · Cited by 324
Metadata
- Authors
- Horwich, P., & Ayer, A. J.
- Venue
- The Philosophical Review
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1973-10
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 547
- ISSN
- 0031-8108 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999028743
- Cited by
- 414
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 17.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Probability and Evidence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2183724
- The paper
- Horwich, P., & Ayer, A. J. (1973). Probability and Evidence. The Philosophical Review. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183724
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
