The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Proofs and Refutations.
Overview
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Integrity signals
Registry
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Claims the paper makes
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Citations
Cited by
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos, I. (1976) · Can Theories be Refuted? · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1863-0_14 · Cited by 3,915
Self-citationWhy Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review.
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435 · Cited by 1,367
Philosophy of Mathematics Education
Czarnocha, B., Bicudo, M., & Ernest, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Mathematical Education · doi:10.1142/9789811287152_0080 · Cited by 872
The Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes of the Mathematics Teacher: a model
Ernest, P. (1989) · Journal of Education for Teaching · doi:10.1080/0260747890150102 · Cited by 759
The British Nationality Act as a logic program
Sergot, M. J., Sadri, F., Kowalski, R. A., Kriwaczek, F., Hammond, P., & Cory, H. T. (1986) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/5689.5920 · Cited by 564
Metadata
- Authors
- Levin, M. R., & Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Noûs
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1980-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 474
- ISSN
- 0029-4624 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2326972230
- Cited by
- 1,266
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 172.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Proofs and Refutations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2214971
- The paper
- Levin, M. R., & Lakatos, I. (1980). Proofs and Refutations. Noûs. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214971
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
