The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Emergence of Probability.
Overview
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Self-check
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Citations
Cited by
Fraassen, B. C. V. (1989) · doi:10.1093/0198248601.001.0001 · Cited by 1,821
Accounting and the construction of the governable person
Miller, P., & O'Leary, T. (1987) · Accounting, Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/0361-3682(87)90039-0 · Cited by 1,505
Helping Doctors and Patients Make Sense of Health Statistics
Gigerenzer, G., Gaissmaier, W., Kurz-Milcke, E., Schwartz, L. M., & Woloshin, S. (2007) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2008.00033.x · Cited by 1,336
Hacking, I. (2002) · In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0475-5_13 · Cited by 838
Self-citationPsychological universals: what are they and how can we know?
Norenzayan, A., & Heine, S. J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.763 · Cited by 820
Metadata
- Authors
- Shafer, G. R., & Hacking, I.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Statistical Association
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1976-06
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 354
- Pages
- 519
- ISSN
- 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2331232420
- Cited by
- 1,158
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Emergence of Probability. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2285346
- The paper
- Shafer, G. R., & Hacking, I. (1976). The Emergence of Probability. Journal of the American Statistical Association. https://doi.org/10.2307/2285346
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
