Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,165

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Bureaucracy and Innovation

Thompson, Victor A.·1965·Administrative Science Quarterly

Abstract

The relationship between bureaucratic structure and innovative behavior is examined by comparing the conditions within the bureaucratic structure with the conditions found by psychologists to be most conducive to individual creativity. The conditions within bureaucracy are found to be determined by a drive for productivity and control, and inappropriate for creativity. Suggestions are made for alterations in bureaucratic structure to increase innovativeness, such as, increased professionalization, a looser and more untidy structure, decentralization, freer communications, project organization when possible, rotation of assignments, greater reliance on group processes, attempts at continual restructuring, modification of the incentive system, and changes in many management practices. It is suggested that bureaucratic organizations are actually evolving in this direction. Victor A. Thompson is professor of political science at the Maxwell Graduate School, Syracuse University.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/2391646

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Thompson, V. A.
Venue
Administrative Science Quarterly
Publisher
JSTOR
Published
1965-06
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
1
ISSN
0001-8392 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2066260496
Cited by
1,165
References
0
FWCI
11.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bureaucracy and Innovation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2391646
The paper
Thompson, V. A. (1965). Bureaucracy and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391646

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.