Estimating the Error Rates of Diagnostic Tests
Abstract
It is often required to evaluate the accuracy of a new diagnostic test against a standard test with unknown error rates. If the two tests are applied simultaneously to the same individuals from two populations with different disease prevalences, then assuming conditional independence of the errors of the two tests, the error rates of both tests and the true prevalences in both populations can be estimated by a maximum likelihood procedure. Generalizations to several tests applied in several populations are also possible.
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Latent class analysis does not assume a gold standard but constructs one based on the results of the individual tests.
“LCA does not assume a gold standard but constructs one based on the results of the individual tests [10].”
From Diagnosis of placental malaria in poorly fixed and processed placental tissue (2016) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Hui, S. L., & Walter, S. D.
- ORCID
- Walter, S. D.
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1980-03
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 167
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2093268197
- Cited by
- 780
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biometrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Keywords
- diagnostic accuracy, error rate estimation, test agreement, disease prevalence estimation, multiple diagnostic tests, maximum likelihood estimation
- MeSH terms
- Diagnostic Errors, Humans, Probability, Skin Tests, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Clinical Laboratory Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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