The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
International Crises and Domestic Politics
Abstract
Audience costs enable leaders to make credible commitments and to communicate their intentions to their adversaries during a crisis. I explain audience costs by simultaneously modeling crisis behavior and the domestic reelection process. I assume that a leader's ability influences the outcome of a crisis. As such, voters use outcomes as a signal of their leaders' quality. Leaders have incentives to make statements that deter their enemies abroad, since these statements also enhance their standing at home. Yet, such “cheap talk” foreign policy declarations are only credible when leaders suffer domestically if they fail to fulfill their commitments. In equilibrium, false promises are only made by the least competent types of leaders. Leaders that break their promises suffer electorally. Because initial domestic conditions and institutional arrangements affect the vulnerability of leaders to these domestic costs, such factors influence the credibility of policy declarations and, therefore, the crisis outcome.
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Cites
Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level games
Putnam, R. D. (1988) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300027697 · Cited by 7,475
Strategic information transmission
Crawford, V. P., & Sobel, J. (1982) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913390 · Cited by 4,293
Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Disputes
Fearon, J. D. (1994) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2944796 · Cited by 2,360
Incumbent performance and electoral control
Ferejohn, J. (1986) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00124924 · Cited by 2,161
Games with Incomplete Information Played by “Bayesian” Players, I–III: Part I. The Basic Model
Harsanyi, J. C. (2004) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1040.0270 · Cited by 2,127
Kreps, D. M., & Wilson, R. (1982) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912767 · Cited by 1,692
Elections and Macroeconomic Policy Cycles
Rogoff, K., & Sibert, A. (1988) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297526 · Cited by 1,607
War, Presidents and Public Opinion
(2017) · The SHAFR Guide Online · doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170220024 · Cited by 1,416
Signaling Foreign Policy Interests: Tying Hands versus Sinking Costs
Fearon, J. D. (1997) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002797041001004 · Cited by 1,141
Harsanyi, J. C. (1968) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.14.7.486 · Cited by 1,059
Cited by
An Institutional Explanation of the Democratic Peace
de Mesquita, B. B., Morrow, J. D., Siverson, R. M., & Smith, A. (1999) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2586113 · Cited by 1,044
Self-citationGartzke, E. (2007) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00244.x · Cited by 744
Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach
Tomz, M. (2007) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818307070282 · Cited by 699
Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict
Gartzke, E., Li, Q., & Boehmer, C. (2001) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/00208180151140612 · Cited by 554
Strongmen and Straw Men: Authoritarian Regimes and the Initiation of International Conflict
WEEKS, J. L. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000111 · Cited by 513
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, A.
- Venue
- American Political Science Review
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 623-638
- ISSN
- 0003-0554 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5943
- OpenAlex
- W2056370346
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 37.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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