The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem
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Citations
Cites
Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals
Robinson, W. S. (1950) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2087176 · Cited by 4,513
An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(1911) · Nature · doi:10.1038/087345a0 · Cited by 4,394
From many strands: ethnic and racial groups in contemporary America
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-4169 · Cited by 490
Spatial Assimilation as a Socioeconomic Outcome
Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1985) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095343 · Cited by 472
Some Alternatives to Ecological Correlation
Goodman, L. A. (1959) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/222597 · Cited by 354
McCutcheon, A. L., Achen, C. H., & Shively, W. P. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2077236 · Cited by 248
Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority
Skerry, P. (1993) · Cited by 176
Dimensions of the New Immigration to the United States and the Prospects for Assimilation
Massey, D. S. (1981) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.07.080181.000421 · Cited by 154
Ecological Regression and Voting Rights
Freedman, D. A., Klein, S. P., Sacks, J., Smyth, C. A., & Everett, C. G. (1991) · Evaluation Review · doi:10.1177/0193841x9101500602 · Cited by 131
Self-citationA Linear Spatial Correlation Model, With Applications to Positron Emission Tomography
Worsley, K. J., Evans, A. C., Strother, S. C., & Tyler, J. L. (1991) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1991.10475004 · Cited by 38
Cited by
Spatial data analysis: theory and practice
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-3486 · Cited by 965
Enhancing the Validity and Cross-Cultural Comparability of Measurement in Survey Research
KING, G., MURRAY, C. J. L., SALOMON, J. A., & TANDON, A. (2004) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s000305540400108x · Cited by 962
Self-citationThe (mis)estimation of neighborhood effects: causal inference for a practicable social epidemiology
Oakes, J. M. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.004 · Cited by 760
Oneal, J. R., & Russett, B. (1999) · World Politics · doi:10.1017/s0043887100020013 · Cited by 444
Brock, W. A., & Durlauf, S. N. (2001) · Handbook of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4412(01)05007-3 · Cited by 389
Metadata
- Authors
- Freedman, D. A., Klein, S. P., Ostland, M., Roberts, M. R., & King, G.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Statistical Association
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1998-12
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 444
- Pages
- 1518
- ISSN
- 0162-1459 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2319964564
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 136.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/2670067
- The paper
- Freedman, D. A., Klein, S. P., Ostland, M., Roberts, M. R., & King, G. (1998). A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem. Journal of the American Statistical Association. https://doi.org/10.2307/2670067
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
