Willow Smoke and Dogs’ Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation
Abstract
Hunter-gatherer subsistence-settlement strategies are discussed in terms of differing organizational components, "mapping-on" and "logistics," and the consequences of each for archaeological intersite variability are discussed. It is further suggested that the differing strategies are responsive to different security problems presented by the environments in which hunter-gatherers live. Therefore, given the beginnings of a theory of adaptation, it is possible to anticipate both differences in settlement-subsistence strategies and patterning in the archaeological record through a more detailed knowledge of the distribution of environmental variables.
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All Ndee fire uses apply to contexts in the woodland or pine forest biotic zones tethered to foraging, hunting, and land-use activities within 5 to 10 km of the farm sites, even if not all of this fire stewardship is associated with horticulture.
“All of these uses apply to contexts in the woodland or pine forest biotic zones tethered to foraging, hunting, and land-use activities within 5 to 10 km of the farm sites because these were bases for logistical foraging activities (40), even if not all of this fire stewardship is associated with horticulture.”
From Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
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“…apply to contexts in the woodland or pine forest biotic zones tethered to foraging, hunting, and land - use activities within 5 to 10 km of the farm sites because these were bases for logistical foraging activities ( 40 ), even if not all of this fire stewardship is associated with horticulture.”
- Authors
- Binford, L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- Corresponding author
- Binford, Lewis R.
- Venue
- American Antiquity
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1980-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-20
- ISSN
- 0002-7316 (ISSN-L)
- 2325-5064
- OpenAlex
- W2030484124
- Cited by
- 2,653
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 130 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 111 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 125 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 21.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Antiquity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
- Keywords
- hunter-gatherers, settlement systems, subsistence strategies, site formation, logistics, environmental security, adaptation theory, environmental variables, archaeological record
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