The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Recruiting Strangers and Friends: Moral Shocks and Social Networks in Animal Rights and Anti-Nuclear Protests
Abstract
Recent work on social movement recruitment emphasizes the importance of pre-existing social networks and underestimates that of cognitive cultural messages, which are sometimes transmitted across these networks, but at other times are broadcast to strangers. In the absence of networks, moral shocks may be necessary for recruiting strangers, and the most effective ones are conveyed by powerful condensing symbols. Even those researchers who have examined the “frames” necessary for recruitment have been unduly influenced by the social-network exemplar, overlooking broader cultural “themes” in society at large. Through surveys of animal rights and anti-nuclear protestors, we distinguish two mechanisms of recruitment to protest, one based primarily on appeals to new recruits, the other on activating existing networks. Fewer animal rights protestors rated family, friends, and previous activism in other causes as reasons for their animal rights participation; they were often recruited directly by moral shocks in the form of visual and verbal rhetoric.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Social Construction of Reality
Rose, D. M., Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/323448 · Cited by 13,820
Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies
Swidler, A. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095521 · Cited by 8,661
Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis
Giddens, A. (1979) · Bloomsbury Publishing Plc eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16161-4 · Cited by 7,939
Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation
Snow, D. A., Rochford, E. B., Worden, S. K., & Benford, R. D. (1986) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095581 · Cited by 6,548
Douglas, M. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203361832 · Cited by 5,078
Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229213 · Cited by 4,971
The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics
Inglehart, R. (2015) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400869589 · Cited by 3,723
The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics
Morse, E. L., & Inglehart, R. (1978) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20039864 · Cited by 3,566
(2014) · African Studies Companion Online · doi:10.1163/_afco_asc_2253 · Cited by 3,292
Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970
McAdam, D. (1999) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226555553.001.0001 · Cited by 3,168
Cited by
Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611 · Cited by 9,953
Gender Differences in Human–Animal Interactions: A Review
Herzog, H. A. (2007) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279307780216687 · Cited by 465
Explaining spontaneous occupation: antecedents, contingencies and spaces in the Umbrella Movement
Cheng, E. W., & Chan, W.-Y. (2017) · Social Movement Studies · doi:10.1080/14742837.2016.1252667 · Cited by 124
Kubal, T. J. (1998) · The Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1998.tb00517.x · Cited by 103
Memetic protest and the dramatic diffusion of Alan Kurdi
Olesen, T. (2018) · Media, Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0163443717729212 · Cited by 84
Metadata
- Authors
- Jasper, J. M., & Poulsen, J. D.
- Venue
- Social Problems
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 493-512
- ISSN
- 0037-7791 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-8533
- OpenAlex
- W2089463556
- Cited by
- 758
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 16.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Recruiting Strangers and Friends: Moral Shocks and Social Networks in Animal Rights and Anti-Nuclear Protests. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2307/3097043
- The paper
- Jasper, J. M., & Poulsen, J. D. (1995). Recruiting Strangers and Friends: Moral Shocks and Social Networks in Animal Rights and Anti-Nuclear Protests. Social Problems. https://doi.org/10.2307/3097043
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
