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Unfinished Migrations: Reflections on the African Diaspora and the Making of the Modern World
Abstract
This article engages the very definition/meaning of diaspora as a concept at a moment when scholars are rushing to embrace the field of diaspora studies. Much of the current discussion continues to suggest that diaspora is merely a logical manifestation of dispersion, no matter how the diaspora was created or how long it had been in existence. This essay argues that linkages that tie the diaspora together must be articulated and are not inevitable, and that the diaspora is both process and condition. As a process it is always in the making, and as condition it is situated within global race and gender hierarchies. However, just as the diaspora is made, it can be unmade, and thus scholars must explore the moments of its unmaking. Indeed, the efforts to unravel the constituent elements of the diaspora(s) raise significant questions concerning how Africa is conceptualized in relation to its diaspora. These efforts also underscore the need to examine overlapping diasporas from many historical locations., Résumé:Cet article explore la définition et le sens même de diaspora en tant que concept à un moment où les chercheurs se pressent tous pour embrasser le domaine des études sur les diasporas. Une grande part des débats actuels continue à suggérer que la diaspora est tout simplement une manifestation logique de la dispersion, qu'importe la manière dont cette diaspora ait été créée ou depuis combien de temps elle existe. Cet article tente de démontrer que les relations qui lient la diaspora doivent s'articuler et ne sont pas inévitables, et que la diaspora est à la fois processus et condition. En tant que processus, elle est sans arrêt en cours de formation, et en tant que condition, elle se situe à l'intérieur des hiérarchies globales de race et de sexe (ou “gender”). Cependant, tout comme la diaspora est faite, elle peut être défaite et les chercheurs doivent ainsi examiner les moments de son démantèlement. En effet, les efforts faits pour discerner les éléments constitutifs de la ou des diasporas soulèvent des questions importantes sur la façon dont l'Afrique est conceptualisée relativement à sa diaspora. Ces efforts mettent également en évidence le besoin d'examiner les diasporas en situation d'intersection provenant de nombreux emplacements dans l'histoire.
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Blount, B. G., & Vass, W. K. (1981) · The International Journal of African Historical Studies · doi:10.2307/217716 · Cited by 30
The plantation as a social system.
Bhowmik, S. K. (1980) · Cited by 27
Beyond slavery: explorations of race, labor, and citizenship in postemancipation societies
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2285 · Cited by 27
Questioning the Diaspora: Hegemony, Black Intellectuals and Doing International History from Below
Brock, L. (1996) · Issue · doi:10.1017/s0047160700502273 · Cited by 27
Racas e classes sociais no Brasil.
Brandao, M. D. D. A., & Ianni, O. (1969) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-49.1.191 · Cited by 26
Friedheim, R. L. (2018) · University of Washington Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780295744612 · Cited by 25
El negro en Cuba, 1902-1958 : apuntes para la historia de la lucha contra la discriminación racial
Robaina, T. F. (1994) · Editorial de Ciencias Sociales eBooks · Cited by 24
The revolt of African slaves in Iraq in the 3rd/9th century
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-6448 · Cited by 24
Literary Whiteness and the Afro-Hispanic Difference
Piedra, J. (1987) · New Literary History · doi:10.2307/468731 · Cited by 22
Rustic Men, Civilized Nation: Race, Culture, and Contention on the Eve of Cuban Independence
Ferrer, A. (1998) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-78.4.663 · Cited by 20
Ianni, O. (1988) · Editora Hucitec eBooks · Cited by 16
Brasil : raízes do protesto negro
Moura, C. (1983) · Global Editora eBooks · Cited by 14
Black Homeland/Black Diaspora: Cross-Currents of the African Relationship
Schmokel, W. W., Drachler, J., Kilson, M., Rotberg, R. I., & Pescatello, A. M. (1978) · The International Journal of African Historical Studies · doi:10.2307/217330 · Cited by 14
O negro, de bom escravo a mau cidadão?
Moura, C., & Barroso, C. (1977) · Conquista eBooks · Cited by 14
Cobley, A. (1992) · Journal of Southern African Studies · doi:10.1080/03057079208708318 · Cited by 12
La antigua fiesta afrocubana del "Día de Reyes"
Ortiz, F. (1960) · Cited by 11
The African Dimension in Latin American Societies
Miller, J. C., & Knight, F. W. (1976) · ASA Review of Books · doi:10.2307/532312 · Cited by 11
Racial consciousness and Afro‐diasporic experiences: Antonio Gramsci reconsidered
Hanchard, M. (1991) · Socialism and Democracy · doi:10.1080/08854309108428108 · Cited by 9
Pierson, D. (1939) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2084323 · Cited by 9
Travailleurs africains en France : rôle des cultures d'origine
Barou, J. (1978) · Presses universitaires de Grenoble eBooks · Cited by 6
Juan Latino, Slave and Humanist.
Rivers, W. N., & Spratlin, V. B. (1940) · The Journal of Negro Education · doi:10.2307/2292811 · Cited by 6
Education and the cultural crisis
Johnson, C. S. (1951) · Macmillan eBooks · Cited by 5
Crossing Boundaries: Research Notes on South Asians and Africans in Africa, the Americas and Europe
West, M. O. (1996) · Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East · doi:10.1215/1089201x-16-2-48 · Cited by 3
The Present Status and Needs of Afroamerican Research
Herskovits, M. J. (1951) · The Journal of Negro History · doi:10.2307/2715415 · Cited by 3
Mato, D. (1993) · Latin American Anthropology Review · doi:10.1525/jlat.1993.5.1.25 · Cited by 2
Singh, N. P. (1993) · Radical History Review · doi:10.1215/01636545-1993-57-197 · Cited by 2
Studies in the African Diaspora: A Memorial to James R. Hooker, 1929-1976
Dalleo, P. T., Henderson, J. P., & Reed, H. A. (1990) · The International Journal of African Historical Studies · doi:10.2307/219605 · Cited by 2
(1983)
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 180 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brubaker, R. (2005) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/0141987042000289997 · Cited by 1,344
Koser, K. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203414736 · Cited by 202
Transnationalism: A Category of Analysis
Briggs, L., McCormick, G. I., & Way, J. T. (2008) · American Quarterly · doi:10.1353/aq.0.0038 · Cited by 197
Hanchard, M. (2003) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/02632764030204002 · Cited by 134
The Modern Girl Around the World
Weinbaum, A. E., Thomas, L. M., Ramamurthy, P., Poiger, U. G., Dong, M. Y., & Barlow, T. E. (2008) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822389194-002 · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Patterson, T. R., & Kelley, R. D. G.
- Venue
- African Studies Review
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11
- ISSN
- 0002-0206 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050621432
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 27
- Type
- book review
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- African Studies Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Colonialism, slavery, and trade
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Social Sciences › Demography › Diaspora, migration, transnational identity
- Keywords
- African diaspora, migration, modernity, transatlantic slave trade, slavery, Black history, world history
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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