The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages
Open accessAbstract
Unexpected drug shortages of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide and the dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist tirzepatide emerged in late 2022 and have persisted through the first quarter of 2023 (1). The drug shortage has not affected product doses equally; some doses are more widely available than others (2). For the purposes of this article, we will consider the dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide to be included when referring to GLP-1 receptor agonist product shortages. These shortages predominately occurred because of an unexpected increase in demand for GLP-1 receptor agonists without adequate adjustment in production (3). The inadequate supply has created new access barriers for patients previously using or wishing to initiate these products for glycemic management, weight loss, and/or cardiovascular risk reduction. Thus, strategies to mitigate this disruption to patient care are needed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Finally, shortages of GLP-1 RAs may limit continued use.19”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Cost‐related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD) [281].”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [281]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Cost-related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or CVD [275].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Frías, J. P., Davies, M. J., Rosenstock, J., Pérez Manghi, F. C., Fernández Landó, L., Bergman, B. K., Liu, B., Cui, X., & Brown, K. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107519 · Cited by 2,096 · cited 1×
“Table 2 summarizes available recommendations and information to guide dose selection when resuming a GLP-1 receptor agonist after a more prolonged lapse in therapy (20,21).”
BackgroundPatient Medication Adherence: Measures in Daily Practice
Jimmy, B., & Jose, J. (2011) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2011.38 · Cited by 956
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s009 · Cited by 851
Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies
Shukar, S., Zahoor, F., Hayat, K., Saeed, A., Gillani, A., Omer, S., Hu, S.-C., Babar, Z., Fang, Y., & Yang, C.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.693426 · Cited by 301
GLP-1 receptor agonists: an updated review of head-to-head clinical studies
Trujillo, J. M., Nuffer, W., & Smith, B. A. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018821997320 · Cited by 289
Self-citationGLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies
Trujillo, J. M., Nuffer, W., & Ellis, S. L. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018814559725 · Cited by 282
Self-citationFrias, J. P., Bonora, E., Nevarez Ruiz, L., Li, Y. G., Yu, Z., Milicevic, Z., Malik, R., Bethel, M. A., & Cox, D. A. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-1473 · Cited by 199
Frías, J. P., Auerbach, P., Bajaj, H. S., Fukushima, Y., Lingvay, I., Macura, S., Søndergaard, A. L., Tankova, T. I., Tentolouris, N., & Buse, J. B. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00174-1 · Cited by 188
The drug shortage crisis in the United States: causes, impact, and management strategies.
Ventola, C. L. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 154
Switching Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Rationale and Practical Guidance
Almandoz, J. P., Lingvay, I., Morales, J., & Campos, C. (2020) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd19-0100 · Cited by 74
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Beba, 2022, PCDS consensus statement: a strategy for managing the supply shortage of the GLP-1 RAs Ozempic and Trulicity, Diabetes & Primary Care, 24, 147
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–133 of 133
Kim, D. W., & Apovian, C. M. (2024) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.4524 · Cited by 1
Dellinger, A. L., Hughes, L., Griffith, L., Brady, T. E., Ibrahim, A. A., & Goddard, M. K. M. (2024) · Recent Progress in Nutrition · doi:10.21926/rpn.2404018 · Cited by 1
Chinn, J. O., Baidal, J. W., Pratt, J. S. A., Shepard, W. E., & Fell, G. L. (2025) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114610 · Cited by 2
Al‐Najim, W., Dehestani, B., Al-Humadi, A. W., Bodicoat, D. H., Papamargaritis, D., Lean, M. E. J., McGowan, B. M., Webb, D. R., Wilding, J. P. H., Davies, M. J., et al. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15060398 · Cited by 2
Glycemic Management in Adults With Diabetes During Illness
Yuang, K., Espinoza, A. L., & McCoy, R. G. (2025) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd25-0056 · Cited by 1
Spence, D. B., Austin, R. P., Carrol, C., Pierce, S., Richter, D. L., Chamberlain, R., & Schenck, R. C. (2024) · JBJS Journal of Orthopaedics for Physician Assistants · doi:10.2106/jbjs.jopa.24.00005
Silver Linings: Side Effects and Secondary Findings of Newly Emerging Therapies
Maron, J. L. (2024) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.10.002
Impact of a Restrictive Formulary on glycemic control compared with an Open Formulary
Duong, T., Jolliff, J. C., Duvall, A., Aguirre, R., & Lash, D. B. (2024) · JACCP JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY · doi:10.1002/jac5.2048
Jeter, A. F., Melton, B. L., & Newell, B. J. (2025) · The Senior Care Pharmacist · doi:10.4140/tcp.n.2025.97
GLP-1 receptor agonists: panacea or affirmation of societal failure?
Kallis, T. J., & Payne, R. (2025) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp25x741069
Chigurupati, M. (2025) · Journal of medical and dental science research. · doi:10.35629/076x-12039499
Bruglia, M., Cardini, F., Luzio, R. D., Fiorini, S., Guberti, A., Haddoub, S., Preiato, V. L., Luberto, A., Lugli, F., Maiello, M., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-025-01762-3
Pharmacological Interventions for Diabetes Management
Hay-Bradford, E. J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88835-9_4
Targeting Obesity: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Achieving Sustainable Weight Loss
Vamplew, B. (2025) · Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.63932/3067-7106.1031
Pollmann, D. L., Parry, J., Cravero, E., Benson, G. A., Sanchez, O. A., White, S., Stanberry, L. I., Wambach, C., & Miedema, M. D. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.25332846
Wilkins, F. L., Moore, W. S., Jackson, J. R., & McVay, M. A. (2025) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171251392887
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
(2025) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580408462-ch04
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
(2025) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580408462-ch01
Brennan-Davies, A. H., & Lakey, S. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.97124
Srivastava, G., Madhar, A., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Diabetes Technology and Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1177/29986702251380864
Association of Patient Cost-Sharing With Adherence to GLP-1a and Adverse Health Outcomes
Zhang, D., Gencerliler, N., Mukhopadhyay, A., Blecker, S., E. Grams, M., Wright, D. R., Hsing-Chun Wang, V., Rajan, A., Butt, E., Shin, J.-I., et al. (2025) · Figshare · doi:10.60929/nyulangone.28995647
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescription Patterns in the All of Us Research ProgramPreprint
Gasdaska, A., Tyndall, B. D., Preble, E. A., Brannock, D., McPheeters, M. L., Marcial, L. H., Huda, A., Egan, J. M., Litwin, T. R., Leggio, L., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.13.26344022
Moiz, A., Reynier, P., Tsoukas, M. A., Yu, O. H., Peters, T. M., Eisenberg, M. J., & Filion, K. B. (2026) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-026-03153-6
Dixon, D. L., Salgado, T. M., Robinson, A., Carbone, S., Wagner, T. D., Hyder, H., Kirschner, B., Musselman, K. T., Buffington, T. M., & Sabo, R. (2026) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2026.103106
Dacon, C., Kale-Pradhan, P. B., & Lipari, M. (2026) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/08971900261449175
Diabetes and Weight Management
Perry, M. L. (2026) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580408493-ch13
Elkin, J., Schilling, C. G., Thuraisingam, S., Hi, M. W., Sumithran, P., Choong, P., Dowsey, M. M., & Shadbolt, C. (2026) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.70253
Considerations and challenges in microdosing of GLP-1-based receptor agonists
Beck, H., & Clements, J. N. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2026.2740393
Sisson, E. M., Burns, D., Wheeler, S. E., Akkisetty, K., Christensen, J., & Gupta, G. (2026) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/26350106261483738
Winters, R. C., Nechi, R. N., Blandy, S., Hetherington, V., Penland, C., Yunusa, I. U., & Moyer, A. S. (2026) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1201
Bazzazzadehgan, S., Pittman, E., Lin, L.-Y., Qi, J., Ly-Ha, A., Smith, D., Kirby, T., Vest, T. A., Bentley, J. P., & Bhattacharya, K. (2026) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-026-03806-x
Makuc, J., & Janić, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15218295
Schwartzberg, E., Berman, E., Shani, S., Azran, C., Hagoel, R., Diker‐Cohen, T., & Dotan, I. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2026.2756017
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitley, H. P., Trujillo, J. M., & Neumiller, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Baptist Health System (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trujillo, Jennifer M.
- Venue
- Clinical Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2023-04-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 467-473
- ISSN
- 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-4953
- PMC
- PMC10338283
- OpenAlex
- W4362703983
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 27.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-08-13)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- drug shortages, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, supply and demand imbalance, glycemic control, weight loss, cardiovascular risk reduction, access to medicines, mitigation measures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
