The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Intensive Diabetes Therapy on the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: 18 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC
Open accessAbstract
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that a mean of 6.5 years of intensive therapy aimed at near-normal glucose levels reduced the risk of development and progression of retinopathy by as much as 76% compared with conventional therapy. The Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (EDIC) observational follow-up showed that the risk of further progression of retinopathy 4 years after the DCCT ended was also greatly reduced in the former intensive group, despite nearly equivalent levels of HbA1c, a phenomenon termed metabolic memory. Metabolic memory was shown to persist through 10 years of follow-up. We now describe the risk of further progression of retinopathy, progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy, clinically significant macular edema, and the need for intervention (photocoagulation or anti-VEGF) over 18 years of follow-up in EDIC. The cumulative incidence of each retinal outcome continues to be lower in the former intensive group. However, the year-to-year incidence of these outcomes is now similar, owing in large part to a reduction in risk in the former conventional treatment group.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Both DCCT/EDIC and UKPDS suggested that there is metabolic memory, or a legacy effect, in which a finite period of intensive glucose lowering yielded benefits that extended for decades after that period ended (44-48).”
From 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Follow-up of the DCCT cohorts in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study (44,45) demonstrated persistence of these microvascular benefits over two decades despite the fact that the glycemic separation between the treatment groups diminished and disappeared during follow-up.”
From 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Follow-up of the DCCT cohorts in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study (42,43) demonstrated persistence of these microvascular benefits over two decades despite the fact that the glycemic separation between the treatment groups diminished and disappeared during follow-up.”
From 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
Self-citationHapeman, D. E., & Agresti, A. (1991) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1991.10484817 · Cited by 9,407
Brown, R. A., Hastie, T. J., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1991) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532174 · Cited by 8,263
Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis
MacKinnon, D. P. (2012) · doi:10.4324/9780203809556 · Cited by 5,618
The Empirical Distribution Function with Arbitrarily Grouped, Censored and Truncated Data
Turnbull, B. W. (1976) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01597.x · Cited by 1,835
Nathan, D. M., & for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2112 · Cited by 1,832
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002103420603 · Cited by 1,534
Self-citationFundus Photographic Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
* (1991) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38014-2 · Cited by 972
Effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus
The Writing Team for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group (2002) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2563 · Cited by 941
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cosentino, F., Grant, P. J., Aboyans, V., Bailey, C. J., Ceriello, A., Delgado, V., Federici, M., Filippatos, G., Grobbee, D. E., Hansen, T. B., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486 · Cited by 4,763
Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss
Lee, R. Y., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2015) · Eye and Vision · doi:10.1186/s40662-015-0026-2 · Cited by 1,628
6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s006 · Cited by 1,403
The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Stitt, A. W., Curtis, T. M., Chen, M., Medina, R. J., McKay, G. J., Jenkins, A. J., Gardiner, T. A., Lyons, T. J., Hammes, H., Simó, R., et al. (2015) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001 · Cited by 1,202
6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018
American Diabetes Association (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-s006 · Cited by 790
6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s006 · Cited by 744
Inzucchi, S. E., Zinman, B., Fitchett, D., Wanner, C., Ferrannini, E., Schumacher, M., Schmoor, C., Ohneberg, K., Johansen, O. E., George, J. T., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1096 · Cited by 740
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1990 · Cited by 712
Self-citation6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s006 · Cited by 684
6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s006 · Cited by 655
6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., Lingvay, I., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s006 · Cited by 574
6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s006 · Cited by 440
Tan, G. S. W., Cheung, N., Simó, R., Cheung, C. M. G., & Wong, T. Y. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30052-3 · Cited by 377
Fishman, S. L., Sonmez, H., Basman, C., Singh, V., & Poretsky, L. (2018) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-018-0060-3 · Cited by 330
Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy
Jenkins, A. J., Joglekar, M. V., Hardikar, A. A., KEECH, A. C., O'Neal, D. N., & Januszewski, A. S. (2015) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2015.12.159 · Cited by 328
Worsening of diabetic retinopathy with rapid improvement in systemic glucose control: A review
Bain, S. C., Klufas, M. A., Ho, A. C., & Matthews, D. R. (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13538 · Cited by 306
Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male reproductive function: A systematic review
Maresch, C. C., Stute, D. C., Alves, M. G., Oliveira, P. F., de Kretser, D. M., & Linn, T. (2018) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx033 · Cited by 294
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the US in 2021
Lundeen, E. A., Burke-Conte, Z., Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Saaddine, J., Lee, A. Y., & Flaxman, A. D. (2023) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.2289 · Cited by 293
American Diabetes Association (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-s009 · Cited by 279
Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Predicts Poor Long-term Glycemic Control
Duca, L. M., Wang, B., Rewers, M., & Rewers, A. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0558 · Cited by 241
Evaluation and Care of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Jampol, L. M., Glassman, A. R., & Sun, J. K. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1909637 · Cited by 233
Braffett, B. H., Gubitosi-Klug, R. A., Albers, J. W., Feldman, E. L., Martin, C. L., White, N. H., Orchard, T. J., Lopes-Virella, M., Lachin, J. M., Pop-Busui, R., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-1046 · Cited by 221
Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema pathways and management: UK Consensus Working Group
Amoaku, W. M. K., Ghanchi, F. D., Bailey, C., Banerjee, S., Banerjee, S., Downey, L., Gale, R. P., HAMILTON, R. D., Khunti, K., Posner, E., et al. (2020) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-020-0961-6 · Cited by 231
American Diabetes Association (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-s008 · Cited by 220
Risk Factors for Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study
Hainsworth, D. P., Bebu, I., Aiello, L. P., Sivitz, W. I., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Malone, J. I., White, N. H., Danis, R. P., Wallia, A., Gao, X., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2308 · Cited by 208
The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Eye Study Group and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Study Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0024 · Cited by 178
Self-citationAdvanced Glycation End Products: A Molecular Target for Vascular Complications in Diabetes
Yamagishi, S., Nakamura, N., Suematsu, M., Kaseda, K., & Matsui, T. (2015) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2015.00067 · Cited by 179
Lachin, J. M., & Nathan, D. M. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-3097 · Cited by 175
Metabolic memory phenomenon in diabetes mellitus: Achieving and perspectives
Berezin, A. Е. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.03.016 · Cited by 166
RAGE signaling regulates the progression of diabetic complications
Taguchi, K., & Fukami, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1128872 · Cited by 144
Frequency of evidence-based screening for retinopathy in type 1 diabetes
The DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1612836 · Cited by 141
Self-citationEpigenetic Changes in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk
Keating, S. T., Plutzky, J., & El-Osta, A. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.306819 · Cited by 139
Emerging routes to the generation of functional β-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy
Nair, G. G., Tzanakakis, E. S., & Hebrok, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0375-3 · Cited by 134
6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s006 · Cited by 172
Yamagishi, S., Fukami, K., & Matsui, T. (2015) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0176-5 · Cited by 127
Cai, X., Chen, Y., Yang, W., Gao, X., Han, X., & Ji, L. (2018) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1697-y · Cited by 131
Platania, C. B. M., Maisto, R., Trotta, M. C., D’Amico, M., Rossi, S., Gesualdo, C., D’Amico, G., Baltă, C., Herman, H., Hermenean, A. O., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14665 · Cited by 125
Latres, E., Finan, D. A., Greenstein, J. L., Kowalski, A. J., & Kieffer, T. J. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.02.007 · Cited by 124
Angiogenic microRNAs Linked to Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Zampetaki, A., Willeit, P., Burr, S., Yin, X., Langley, S. R., Kiechl, S. J., Klein, R., Rossing, P. R., Chaturvedi, N., & Mayr, M. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0389 · Cited by 118
Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: a review
Morrison, J. L., Hodgson, L., Lim, L. L., & Al‐Qureshi, S. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/ceo.12760 · Cited by 118
Intensive Diabetes Therapy and Ocular Surgery in Type 1 Diabetes
The DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1409463 · Cited by 111
Self-citationRacial/Ethnic Minority Youth With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Have Poor Prognostic Factors
REDONDO, M. J., Libman, I. M., Cheng, P., Kollman, C., Tosur, M., Gal, R. L., Bacha, F. F., KLINGENSMITH, G. J., Clements, M. A., REDONDO, M. J., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-2335 · Cited by 104
Management of diabetic neuropathy
Cernea, S., & Raz, I. (2021) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154867 · Cited by 110
DNA methylation mediates development of HbA1c-associated complications in type 1 diabetes
Chen, Z., Miao, F., Braffett, B. H., Lachin, J. M., Zhang, L., Wu, X., Roshandel, D., Carless, M. A., Li, X. A., Tompkins, J. D., et al. (2020) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-020-0231-8 · Cited by 106
Changing the landscape for type 1 diabetes: the first step to prevention
Dayan, C. M., Korah, M., Tatovic, D., Bundy, B. N., & Herold, K. C. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32127-0 · Cited by 96
The Effect of Diet and Lifestyle on the Course of Diabetic Retinopathy—A Review of the Literature
Bryl, A., Mrugacz, M., Falkowski, M., & Zorena, K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14061252 · Cited by 98
Managing diabetes in preschool children
Sundberg, F., Barnard, K., Cato, A., de Beaufort, C., DiMeglio, L. A., Dooley, G., Hershey, T., Hitchcock, J., Jain, V., Weissberg-Benchell, J., et al. (2017) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12554 · Cited by 91
Diabetic retinopathy, metabolic memory and epigenetic modifications
Kowluru, R. A. (2017) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2017.02.011 · Cited by 88
Understanding Metabolic Memory: A Tale of Two Studies
Miller, R. G., & Orchard, T. J. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-0514 · Cited by 87
Ting, D. S. W., Cheung, C. Y.-L., Nguyen, Q., Sabanayagam, C., Lim, G., Lim, Z. W., Tan, G. S. W., Soh, Y. Q., Schmetterer, L. F., Wang, Y. X., et al. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0097-x · Cited by 85
Physical activity and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ren, C., Liu, W., Li, J., Cao, Y., Xu, J., & Lu, P. (2019) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01319-4 · Cited by 88
Moon, J. S., Kang, S., Choi, J. H., Lee, K. A., Moon, J. H., Chon, S., Kim, D. J., Kim, H. J., Seo, J. A., Kim, M. K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2024.0249 · Cited by 81
Kumar, B., Kowluru, A., & Kowluru, R. A. (2015) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16466 · Cited by 73
Wykoff, C. C., Chakravarthy, U., Campochiaro, P. A., Bailey, C., Green, K., & Cunha-Vaz, J. G. (2017) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.034 · Cited by 73
Shah, V. N., Kanapka, L. G., Aktürk, H. K., Polsky, S., Forlenza, G. P., Kollman, C., Beck, R. W., & Snell‐Bergeon, J. K. (2023) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0486 · Cited by 75
Rajasekar, P., O’Neill, C. L., Eeles, L., Stitt, A. W., & Medina, R. J. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2015/436879 · Cited by 71
Yamagishi, S., & Matsui, T. (2015) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.001 · Cited by 73
Vaisar, T., Kanter, J. E., Wimberger, J., Irwin, A. D., Gauthier, J., Wolfson, E. A., Bahnam, V., Wu, I., Shah, H., Keenan, H. A., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0772 · Cited by 69
Mishra, M., & Kowluru, R. A. (2016) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19759 · Cited by 64
Kowluru, R. A., & Mohammad, G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63527-1 · Cited by 63
Chamberlain, J. J., Kalyani, R. R., Leal, S., Rhinehart, A. S., Shubrook, J. H., SKOLNIK, N., & Herman, W. H. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-1259 · Cited by 63
CHANGES IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SEVERITY WHEN TREATING DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA WITH RANIBIZUMAB
Bressler, S. B., Odia, I., Glassman, A. R., Danis, R. P., Grover, S., Hampton, G. R., Jampol, L. M., Maguire, M. G., & Melia, M. (2018) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000002302 · Cited by 61
Beato-Víbora, P. I., Quirós-López, C., Lázaro-Martín, L., Martín-Frías, M., Barrio-Castellanos, R., Gil-Poch, E., Arroyo-Díez, F. J., & Giménez-Álvarez, M. (2018) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0199 · Cited by 60
Anderzén, J., Hermann, J. M., Samuelsson, U., Charalampopoulos, D., Svensson, J., Skrivarhaug, T., Fröhlich-Reiterer, E. E., Maahs, D. M., Åkesson, K., Kapellen, T. M., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13014 · Cited by 60
Owens, D. R., & Bolli, G. B. (2020) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13963 · Cited by 57
A Review on Diabetic Retinopathy
Kour, V., Swain, J., Singh, J., Singh, H., & Kour, H. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998253672231011161400 · Cited by 61
Wang, W., Zhao, H., & Chen, B. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59408-2 · Cited by 57
Samuelsson, U., Anderzén, J., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Steineck, I. I. K., Åkesson, K., & Hanberger, L. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.02.007 · Cited by 57
Lundeen, E. A., Andes, L. J., Rein, D. B., Wittenborn, J. S., Erdem, E., Gu, Q., SAADDINE, J. B., Imperatore, G., & Chew, E. Y. (2022) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.0052 · Cited by 60
Calles-Escandón, J., Koch, K. L., Hasler, W. L., Van Natta, M. L., Pasricha, P. J., Tonascia, J., Parkman, H. P., Hamilton, F., Herman, W. H., Basina, M., et al. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194759 · Cited by 55
Huerta‐Uribe, N., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Izquierdo, M., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01741-9 · Cited by 58
Approach to diabetes management in patients with CVD
Lathief, S., & Inzucchi, S. E. (2015) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2015.05.005 · Cited by 55
It is time for a moonshot to find “Cures” for diabetic retinal disease
Levine, S. R., Sapieha, P. S., Dutta, S., Sun, J. K., & Gardner, T. W. (2022) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101051 · Cited by 53
Riddell, M. C., Li, Z., Beck, R. W., Gal, R. L., Jacobs, P. G., Castle, J. R., Gillingham, M. B., Clements, M. A., Patton, S. R., Dassau, E., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0495 · Cited by 54
Mateo‐Gállego, R., Madinaveitia‐Nisarre, L., Giné-González, J., Bea, A. M., Guerra-Torrecilla, L., Baila-Rueda, L., Pérez‐Calahorra, S., Civeira, F., & Lamíquiz-Moneo, I. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109979 · Cited by 58
Romero‐Aroca, P., Valls, A., Moreno, A., Sagarra-Alamo, R., Basora, J., Saleh, E., Baget‐Bernaldiz, M., & Puig, D. (2018) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2017.0282 · Cited by 50
Connecting the Dots: Validation of Time in Range Metrics With Microvascular Outcomes
Hirsch, I. B., Sherr, J. L., & Hood, K. K. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0040 · Cited by 48
Melo, L. G. N., Morales, P. H., Drummond, K. R. G., Santos, D. C., Pizarro, M., Barros, B. S. V., Mattos, T. C. L., Pinheiro, A. A., Mallmann, F., Leal, F. S. L., et al. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5859-x · Cited by 54
Jenkins, A. J., Grant, M. B., & Busik, J. V. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05655-z · Cited by 46
Anderzén, J., Samuelsson, U., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Hanberger, L., & Åkesson, K. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.004 · Cited by 50
The Role of Systemic Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy
Atchison, E. A., & Barkmeier, A. J. (2016) · Current Ophthalmology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40135-016-0098-8 · Cited by 46
DNA methylation age calculators reveal association with diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
Roshandel, D., Chen, Z., Canty, A. J., Bull, S. B., Natarajan, R. D., & Paterson, A. D. (2020) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-020-00840-6 · Cited by 48
Dobson, R., Whittaker, R., Dale, L. P., & Maddison, R. (2017) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/2055207617740315 · Cited by 44
Hyperglycaemic memory affects the neurovascular unit of the retina in a diabetic mouse model
Friedrichs, P., Schlotterer, A., Sticht, C., Kolibabka, M., Wohlfart, P., Dietrich, A., Linn, T., Molema, G., & Hammes, H. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4254-y · Cited by 42
Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy
Cherchi, S., Gigante, A., Spanu, M. A., Contini, P., Meloni, G., Fois, M. A., Pistis, D., Pilosu, R., Lai, A., Ruiu, S., et al. (2020) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology1010001 · Cited by 48
Bioactive lipids and pathological retinal angiogenesis
Elmasry, K., Ibrahim, A. S., Abdulmoneim, S., & Al‐Shabrawey, M. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14507 · Cited by 39
Ocular Adverse Events With Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Natividade, G. R., Spiazzi, B. F., Baumgarten, M. W., Bassotto, C., Pereira, A. A., Fraga, B. L., Scalco, B. G., Mattes, N. R., Lavinsky, D., Kramer, C. K., et al. (2025) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2025.2489 · Cited by 41
Akıl, H., Burgess, J., Nevitt, S. J., Harding, S. P., Alam, U., & Burgess, P. I. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01190-z · Cited by 46
Mishra, M., Lillvis, J. H., Seyoum, B., & Kowluru, R. A. (2016) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19073 · Cited by 41
Jensen, M. H., Dethlefsen, C., Hejlesen, O. K., & Vestergaard, P. (2019) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01447-x · Cited by 41
JENDLE, J. H., Buompensiere, M. I., Holm, A. L., de Portu, S., Malkin, S. J. P., & Cohen, O. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01157-0 · Cited by 41
Kang, S., Kang, S. M., Choi, J. H., Ko, S., Koo, B. K., Kwon, H.-S., Kim, M. K., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S., Kim, Y., et al. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2025.0469 · Cited by 44
MicroRNA and Diabetic Complications: A Clinical Perspective
Fan, B., Luk, A. O. Y., Chan, J. C. N., & Ronald, C. W. (2017) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7318 · Cited by 37
Masser, D. R., Otalora, L., Clark, N. W., Kinter, M. T., Elliott, M. H., & Freeman, W. M. (2017) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14216 · Cited by 36
New Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Retinopathy
Vaziri, K., Schwartz, S. G., Relhan, N., Kishor, K. S., & Flynn, H. W. (2015) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2015.12.196 · Cited by 35
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Microvascular Complications: Friends or Foes?
Yu, C., Zhang, N., Yuan, S., Ma, Y., Yang, L., Feng, Y., & Zhao, D. H. (2016) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2016/1803989 · Cited by 35
Hyperreflective Dots on OCT as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Diabetic Macular Edema
Huang, H., Jansonius, N. M., Chen, H., & Los, L. I. (2022) · Ophthalmology Retina · doi:10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.020 · Cited by 38
Kowluru, R. A., & Alka, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24098076 · Cited by 35
Bone Microarchitecture in Type 1 Diabetes: It Is Complicated
Keenan, H. A., & Maddaloni, E. (2016) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-016-0338-8 · Cited by 34
Challenges in the diagnosis of diabetes type in pediatrics
Siller, A. F., Tosur, M., Relan, S., Astudillo, M., McKay, S. V., Dabelea, D., & REDONDO, M. J. (2020) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.13070 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group
- Corresponding author
- The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-09-09
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 631-642
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC4303965
- OpenAlex
- W2173163930
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 27
- FWCI
- 26.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000142)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK094176, P30DK092950)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, type 1 diabetes, tight glycemic control, metabolic memory, retinopathy progression, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, clinically significant macular edema, photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy, long-term follow-up, DCCT/EDIC
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Retinopathy, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
