The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Progressive Loss of β-Cell Function Leads to Worsening Glucose Tolerance in First-Degree Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—The relative roles of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes are debated. First-degree relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated the evolution of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, glucose effectiveness, and glucose tolerance over 7 years in 33 nondiabetic, first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic individuals using frequently sampled tolbutamide-modified intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS—Subjects gained weight, and their waist circumference increased (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity, the acute insulin response to glucose, and glucose effectiveness did not change significantly. However, when we accounted for the modulating effect of insulin sensitivity on insulin release, β-cell function determined as the disposition index decreased by 22% (P < 0.05). This decrease was associated with declines in intravenous and oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Of the subjects with normal glucose tolerance at the first assessment, we compared those who progressed to IGT with those who did not. The disposition index was 50% lower in the progressors than in the nonprogressors at follow-up (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—The decline in glucose tolerance over time in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic individuals is strongly related to the loss of β-cell function. Thus, early interventions to slow the decline in β-cell function should be considered in high-risk individuals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Diminished β-cell function is already present in groups known to be at increased risk of diabetes including first-degree relatives of individuals with diabetes12, women with gestational diabetes13 or polycystic ovary syndrome14 and older individuals15 and underlies the progression to diabetes.”
From Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial
Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Karasik, A., & Laakso, M. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08905-5 · Cited by 2,543
Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-1009-0 · Cited by 2,166
Self-citationWeyer, C., Bogardus, C., Mott, D. M., & Pratley, R. E. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7231 · Cited by 1,940
Kahn, S. E., Prigeon, R. L., McCulloch, D. K., Boyko, E. J., Bergman, R. N., Schwartz, M. W., Neifing, J. L., Ward, W. K., Beard, J. C., & Palmer, J. P. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.42.11.1663 · Cited by 1,405
Self-citationBuchanan, T. A., Xiang, A. H., Peters, R. K., Kjos, S. L., Marroquin, A., Goico, J., Ochoa, C., Tan, S., Berkowitz, K., Hodis, H. N., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2796 · Cited by 1,339
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–173 of 173
Liu, J., Wang, F., Cha, Y., Zp, C., & Hy, D. (2010) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323001003800306 · Cited by 15
de Steenwinkel, F. D. O., Dolhain, R. J. E. M., Hazes, J. M. W., & Hokken‐Koelega, A. C. S. (2017) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.05.002 · Cited by 14
Chung, J. O., Cho, D. H., Chung, D. J., & Chung, M. Y. (2010) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.k10e-175 · Cited by 13
A 3-year follow-up study of β-cell function in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes
Zhou, S., Meng, X., Wang, S., Ren, R., Hou, W., Huang, K., & Shi, H. (2016) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3394 · Cited by 13
Bogaert, H., Koster, J. D., Broeck, W. V. D., Eetvelde, M. V., & OPSOMER, G. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14931 · Cited by 13
Glucose Effectiveness in Nondiabetic Relatives: Dysglycemia and β-Cell Function at 10 Years
Egede, M. B., Henriksen, J. E., Durck, T. T., Levin, K., Rantzau, C., Ward, G. M., Beck‐Nielsen, H., & ALFORD, F. P. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3273 · Cited by 12
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Changes of Glucose Effectiveness in Relation to Glucose Tolerance
Lorenzo, C., Wagenknecht, L. E., Karter, A. J., Hanley, A. J., Rewers, M., & Haffner, S. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-2120 · Cited by 12
MacFarlane, E. M., & Bruin, J. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.604998 · Cited by 12
de Steenwinkel, F. D. O., Dolhain, R. J. E. M., Hazes, J. M. W., & Hokken-Koelega, A. (2022) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06347-0 · Cited by 11
Glucokinase Inhibition: A Novel Treatment for Diabetes?
Remedi, M. S., & Nichols, C. G. (2023) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db22-0731 · Cited by 11
Hsu, C., Templin, A. T., Prosswimmer, T., Shea, D. W., Li, J., Brooks‐Worrell, B., Kahn, S. E., & Daggett, V. (2023) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.4854 · Cited by 11
Self-citationUtzschneider, K. M., Johnson, T. N., Breymeyer, K. L., Bettcher, L., Raftery, D., Newton, K. M., & Neuhouser, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107586 · Cited by 11
Self-citationBhowmick, D. C., Ahn, M., Oh, E., Veluthakal, R., & Thurmond, D. C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22041833 · Cited by 11
Janghorbani, M., & Amini, M. (2009) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1038 · Cited by 11
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Banerji, M. A., & Chaiken, R. L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09841-8_34 · Cited by 12
Transduced Tat-DJ-1 protein inhibits cytokines-induced pancreatic RINm5F cell death
Jo, H. S., Yeo, H. J., CHA, H. J., Kim, S. J., Cho, S. B., Park, J. H., Lee, C. H., Yeo, E. J., Choi, Y. J., Eum, W. S., et al. (2016) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.5.058 · Cited by 10
The Role of Wnt3a/β-Catenin/TCF7L2 Pathway in Diabetes and Cardiorenal Complications
Adeerjiang, Y., Sidike, A., Gan, X.-X., Li, Q., & Jiang, S. (2024) · Cardiorenal Medicine · doi:10.1159/000543145 · Cited by 15
Risk calculation of developing type 2 diabetes in Libyan adults
Abduelkarem, A. R., Sharif, S. I., Hamrouni, A., Aldouibi, S., Albraiki, W., & El-Shareif, H. J. (2009) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.1359 · Cited by 10
Hornbak, M., Allin, K. H., Jensen, M. L., Lau, C. J., Witte, D. R., Jørgensen, M. E., Sandbæk, A., Lauritzen, T., Andersson, Å., Pedersen, O. B., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104837 · Cited by 9
Wang, X., Liu, J., Li, C., Zhao, M., Liu, L., Guan, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Gao, L., Zhao, J., et al. (2017) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2964 · Cited by 9
Defining and characterising the progression of type 2 diabetes
Fonseca, V. A. (2008) · The British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1177/1474651408100520 · Cited by 9
Critical Evaluation of Indices Used to Assess β-Cell Function
Cao, C., Koh, H. E., Reeds, D. N., Patterson, B. W., Klein, S., & Mittendorfer, B. (2023) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db23-0613 · Cited by 9
Eskandari, F., Salimi, M., Khodagholi, F., Hedayati, M., & Zardooz, H. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00902-3 · Cited by 8
Zhang, H., Tan, X. W., & Wang, N. (2021) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.11.003 · Cited by 8
Li, P., Zhang, J., Liu, C., Li, L., Liu, Y.-H., Shi, Y., Wang, L., & Gao, J. (2012) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e31824c7a12 · Cited by 7
Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Wyne, K. L., & Mora, P. F. (2007) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.1080/07435800701743836 · Cited by 6
Deng, L., Liu, S., Gong, Y., Tian, H., Liu, Y., Song, J., Ran, X., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Long, Y., et al. (2016) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2016.0002 · Cited by 6
He, M., Deng, M., Wang, J., Fan, P., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., He, Y., Shi, B., & Sui, J. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.9649 · Cited by 6
Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP‐Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes
Ramanadham, S., TURK, J. W., & Bhatnagar, S. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c220031 · Cited by 11
Shi, H., Yang, D., Ma, L., Cheng, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Tong, H., & Shi, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1379725 · Cited by 5
The impact of family history of type 2 diabetes on pancreatic β-cell function
Wang, Z., Zhang, S., Gong, L., Ren, W., Li, R., Rui-zhi, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, M., & Li, Q. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.04.004 · Cited by 5
Henninger, J., Rawshani, A., Hammarstedt, A., & Eliasson, B. (2017) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-017-0191-5 · Cited by 5
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Banerji, M. A., Lam, M. L., & Chaiken, R. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_34-2 · Cited by 5
Liu, M.-X., Zhang, H., Liu, T., Liu, J., Zhang, L.-Q., & Zhu, J.-Z. (2025) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/14791641251335923 · Cited by 4
Inhibition of metabolic disorders in vivo and in vitro by main constituent of Coreopsis tinctoria
Jiang, B., Lv, Q., Xiang, J., Le, L., Hu, K., Xu, L., & Xiao, P. (2018) · Chinese Herbal Medicines · doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2018.03.004 · Cited by 4
Akinlade, K. S. (2014) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2014/11054 · Cited by 4
Obirikorang, C., Adu, E. A., Awuah, A. A.-A., Darko, S. N., Ghartey, F. N., Ametepe, S., Nyarko, E. N. Y., Anto, E. O., & Owiredu, W. K. B. A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0302912 · Cited by 3
Kim, Y. H., Yoon, J. W., Lee, B. H., Yoon, J. H., Choe, H. J., Oh, T. J., Lee, J. M., & Cho, Y. M. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.14365 · Cited by 3
Norris, N., Kebede, M. A., Laybutt, D. R., & Gunton, J. E. (2025) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi24-0047 · Cited by 3
Edirs, S., Jiang, L., Xin, X., & Aisa, H. A. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/2100128 · Cited by 3
Balducci, S., Haxhi, J., Vitale, M., Mattia, L., Bollanti, L., Conti, F., Cardelli, P., Sacchetti, M., Orlando, G., Zanuso, S., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110140 · Cited by 3
Insulin Pump in Difficult to Control Type 2 Diabetes: A Single Center, Five Years' Experience
Singh, P., Pandey, D., & Trivedi, N. (2018) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.3240 · Cited by 3
Klein, M. L., Rapaport, R., & Diabetes, F. I. P. E. A. (2010) · US Endocrinology · doi:10.17925/use.2010.06.1.63 · Cited by 3
D’Alessio, D. A., & Kahn, S. E. (2025) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi24-0049 · Cited by 2
Self-citationDurck, T. T., Henriksen, J. E., Egede, M. B., Levin, K., Rantzau, C., Ward, G. M., Beck‐Nielsen, H., & ALFORD, F. P. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2418 · Cited by 2
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Mediated Non-invasive Detection of Diabetics
Devadiga, D., & Ahipa, T. N. (2022) · Springer series on bio- and neurosystems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99728-1_8 · Cited by 2
Assessment of Prognosis of Dental Implants in Diabetic Patients: A Clinical Study
Sharma, A., Deo, A., Sharma, A. M., Kumar, D., Gupta, P., & Cheema, M. (2023) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_35_23 · Cited by 1
Guillausseau, P.-J., Meas, T., Virally, M., Laloi-Michelin, M., Ambonville, C., Bitu, J., & Kévorkian, J.-P. (2008) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(08)70613-8 · Cited by 1
Emerging Role of Pancreatic β-Cells during Insulin Resistance
Mukhuty, A., Fouzder, C., Das, S., & Chattopadhyay, D. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.83350 · Cited by 1
Yoon, H. J., Lee, J. H., Gi, M. Y., Cha, J. A., Moon, A. E., & Seong, J.-M. (2019) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2019.0087 · Cited by 1
Impact of Insufficient Insulin Secretion on Subclinical Glucose Dysregulation
Yamada, C., Mitsuhashi, T., Hiratsuka, N., Inabe, F., Araida, N., & Takahashi, E. (2011) · Ningen dock : official journal of the Japanese Society of Human Dry Dock · doi:10.11320/ningendock.25.37 · Cited by 1
Metabolomic profiling reveals effects of marein on energy metabolism in HepG2 cellsPreprint
Jiang, B., Le, L., Hu, K., Xu, L., & Xiao, P. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/176495 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of a Community-wide Diabetes Prevention Program
Cardona, M. (2011) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) · Cited by 1
Marmolino, D., & Pandolfo, M. (2011) · Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles)
Early origins of diabetes: an update from the EarlyBird study
Jeffery, A. (2014) · European Diabetes Nursing · doi:10.1002/edn.251
Fetal Programming in Rheumatoid Arthritis
de Steenwinkel, F. D. O. (2013)
Utzschneider, K. M., Prigeon, R. L., Faulenbach, M. V., Tong, J., Carr, D. B., Boyko, E. J., McNeely, M. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Kahn, S. E. (2008)
Self-citationMechanisms of transcriptional regulation in the maintenance of β cell function
Maganti, A. V. (2015) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2b88b
Impact of Group Medical Visits for Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pye, T. (2011) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
Praveen, E. P., Chouhan, S., Sahoo, J., Khadgawat, R., Khurana, M. L., Gupta, N., Dwivedi, S. N., & Kulshreshtha, B. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.15056
Methodologies of Pharmacodynamic Assessment
Pfeiffer, C., & Ruus, P. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89891-7_28
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Banerji, M. A., Lam, M. L., & Chaiken, R. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18741-9_34
Current literature in diabetes
(2007) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.801
Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome
Banerji, M. A., & Lam, M. L. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20797-1_34-1
Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Wyne, K. L., & Mora, P. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780849379581-15
İnsülin 100 Yıllık Mucize Hormon
Cerit, E. T., Barlas, T., Atalar, K., Bahçelioğlu, M., Kaplanoğlu, G. T., Seymen, C. M., Erdem, H. B., Ergün, M. A., Demir, Ö., Gülbahar, Ö., et al. (2022) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.871
Obirikorang, C., Adu, E. A., Awuah, A. A.-A., Darko, S. N., Ghartey, F. N., Ametepe, S., Nyarko, E. N. Y., & Anto, E. O. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.24306031
Rishi, V., Kandasamy, D., Gupta, Y., Sharma, R., Tandon, N., Goyal, A., Mehndiratta, A., Ganeshkumar, M., & Kalaivani, M. (2024) · Abdominal Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00261-024-04698-7
Moursli, Y., Faubert, D., Grou, C., & Coulombe, B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677593
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Honka, M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00376-9
Low-dose tamoxifen ameliorates ovariectomy-induced metabolic and immune dysfunction
McClurg, H. E., Ferraro, A., Pham, G., Morales-Hernández, I., Valencia-Rincón, E., Pham, K. D., Freeman, W. M., Gorman, J. A., & Castillo‐Castrejón, M. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-02086-7
Chen, Z., & Pang, H. (2026) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-026-10084-z
Metadata
- Authors
- Cnop, M., Vidal, J., Hull, R. L., Utzschneider, K. M., Carr, D. B., Schraw, T., Scherer, P. E., Boyko, E. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., & Kahn, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2007-03-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 677-682
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2057730437
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 12.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Belgian American Educational Foundation
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK002654, DK 02654, DK-17047, DK026687, P30DK026687, P30DK017047)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23RR016066, RR 16066, RR 37)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, first-degree relatives, beta-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, disposition index, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, glucose effectiveness, insulin secretion, disease progression, high-risk individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Middle Aged, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Glucose Intolerance, Body Size, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Adiponectin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
