Longitudinal Association of Glucose Metabolism With Retinopathy
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OBJECTIVE—We determined the longitudinal association of glucose metabolism with retinopathy in a sample of the Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study is a national, longitudinal study of adults aged ≥25 years from 42 randomly selected areas of Australia. Retinopathy was assessed at baseline in 1999–2000 and 5 years later in 2004–2005 in participants identified as having diabetes (based on self-report and oral glucose tolerance test) and impaired glucose metabolism and in a random sample with normal glucose tolerance. Complete retinal data were available for 1,192 participants. Photographs were graded at two time points according to a simplified version of the Wisconsin grading system. RESULTS—The 5-year incidences of retinopathy were 13.9 and 3.0% among those with known and newly diagnosed diabetes at baseline, respectively. Of those who developed incident newly diagnosed diabetes at follow-up, 11.9% had retinopathy at baseline compared with 5.6% of those who did not progress to incident newly diagnosed diabetes (P = 0.037). After adjustment for factors identified as risk factors for diabetes, individuals with retinopathy signs at baseline were twice as likely to develop incident newly diagnosed diabetes compared with those who did not have retinopathy signs at baseline. CONCLUSIONS—The 5-year incidence of retinopathy was 13.9% among individuals with known diabetes. Nondiabetic individuals with retinopathy signs at baseline had a twofold higher risk of developing incident newly diagnosed diabetes 5 years later. This result provides further evidence that mild retinopathy signs may be a preclinical marker of underlying microvascular disease and future diabetes risk.
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Prediabetes status may be associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, although findings vary depending on the method of detection.
“Prediabetes status may be associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy although the findings vary depending on the method of detection.51,79–83”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [80]
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- Authors
- Tapp, R. J., Tikellis, G., Wong, T. Y., Harper, C. A., Zimmet, P. Z., Shaw, J. E., & on behalf of the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study Group
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2008-07-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1349-1354
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC2453668
- OpenAlex
- W2108670135
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leeds Beckett Repository (Leeds Beckett University) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (233200)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, glucose metabolism, impaired glucose tolerance, new-onset diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, retinopathy incidence, microangiopathy, AusDiab study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Australia, Blood Glucose, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Retinal Diseases, Incidence, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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