Sleep Disturbances and Their Relationship to Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore relationships among sleep disturbances, glucose tolerance, and pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Four validated sleep questionnaires were administered to 169 pregnant women at the time of 50-g oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) during the second trimester. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in 108 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). RESULTS: Of the participants, 41% had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >8); 64% had poor sleep quality; 25% snored frequently; 29% had increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); 52% experienced short sleep (SS); 19% had both increased SDB risk and SS (SDB/SS); and 14% had daytime dysfunction. Reported sleep duration inversely correlated with glucose values from 50-g OGTT (r = −0.21, P < 0.01). Each hour of reduced sleep time was associated with a 4% increase in glucose levels. Increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was found in subjects with increased SDB risk (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.2–7.4]), SS (2.4 [1.0–5.9]), SDB/SS (3.4 [1.3–8.7]), and frequent snoring (3.4 [1.3–8.8], after adjustment for BMI). Among NGT subjects, preterm delivery was more frequent in those with increased ESS (P = 0.02), poor sleep quality (P = 0.02), and SS (P = 0.03). Neonatal intensive care unit admissions were associated with increased ESS (P = 0.03), SDB/SS (P = 0.03), and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.01) in mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women experience significant sleep disturbances that are associated with increased risk of GDM and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women with increased SDB risk, frequent snoring, and sleep duration of <7 h/night have increased risk of developing GDM.
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Previous studies concerning whether sleep disturbances during pregnancy lead to hyperglycemia and GDM have inconsistent results.
“Recently, there have been several studies concerning whether sleep disturbances during pregnancy lead to hyperglycemia and GDM,18–21 but the results are not consistent.”
From Sleep Quality is an Independent Predictor of Blood Glucose and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study of 4550 Chinese Women (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Reutrakul, S., Zaidi, N., Wroblewski, K., Kay, H. H., Ismail, M., Ehrmann, D. A., & Van Cauter, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding author
- Reutrakul, Sirimon
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2011-10-15
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2454-2457
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3198297
- OpenAlex
- W2163081766
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 14.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- ResMed Foundation
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Sanofi
- University of Chicago
- Kovler Family Foundation
- Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
- ResMed
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60DK020595)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024999, U54 RR023560)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD057796)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy outcomes, sleep-disordered breathing, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, short sleep duration, sleep quality, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care admission, oral glucose tolerance test
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes, Gestational, Glucose Intolerance, Young Adult
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