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Cited by 157Chronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesDiabetes Management and ResearchDialysis and Renal Disease Management

Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. Health Care Organizations

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Stempniewicz, Nikita, Vassalotti, Joseph A., Cuddeback, John K., Ciemins, Elizabeth, Storfer-Isser, Amy, Sang, Yingying, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Ballew, Shoshana H. +5 more·2021·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc20-2715PMC PMC8740923
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Clinical guidelines for people with diabetes recommend chronic kidney disease (CKD) testing at least annually using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). We aimed to understand CKD testing among people with type 2 diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Electronic health record data were analyzed from 513,165 adults with type 2 diabetes receiving primary care from 24 health care organizations and 1,164 clinical practice sites. We assessed the percentage of patients with both one or more eGFRs and one or more uACRs and each test individually in the 1, 2, and 3 years ending September 2019 by health care organization and clinical practice site. Elevated albuminuria was defined as uACR ≥30 mg/g. RESULTS: The 1-year median testing rate across organizations was 51.6% for both uACR and eGFR, 89.5% for eGFR, and 52.9% for uACR. uACR testing varied (10th–90th percentile) from 44.7 to 63.3% across organizations and from 13.3 to 75.4% across sites. Over 3 years, the median testing rate for uACR across organizations was 73.7%. Overall, the prevalence of detected elevated albuminuria was 15%. The average prevalence of detected elevated albuminuria increased linearly with uACR testing rates at sites, with estimated prevalence of 6%, 15%, and 30% at uACR testing rates of 20%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: While eGFR testing rates are uniformly high among people with type 2 diabetes, testing rates for uACR are suboptimal and highly variable across and within the organizations examined. Guideline-recommended uACR testing should increase detection of CKD.

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  • Screening for CKD is underutilized, particularly for albuminuria; in typical U.S. practice, less than half of patients with T2D are screened for albuminuria in a given year.

    “Screening is underutilized, particularly for albuminuria. In typical practice in the U.S., less than half of patients with T2D are screened for albuminuria in a given year (19).”

    From Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (2022) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction describes CKD testing in clinical practice as suboptimal, particularly for uACR. But the Abstract Results report a one-year median uACR testing rate of 52.9% across the 24 U.S. organizations—just over half, not less than half. The Conclusions likewise say only about one-half were tested within a year. (LLM, conf=0.91)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In an analysis of electronic health record data from 1164 clinical practices including over 500,000 adults with T2D in primary care clinics, testing for eGFR was 89.5%, UACR 52.9%, and both tests 51.6% at a median of 1 year.

    “In a recent analysis of electronic health record data from 1164 clinical practices including over 500,000 adults with T2D in primary care clinics, the testing for eGFR was 89.5%, UACR 52.9%, and only 51.6% for both tests at a median of 1 year [10].”

    From Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease: a review of their kidney and heart protection (2023) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Stempniewicz, N., Vassalotti, J. A., Cuddeback, J. K., Ciemins, E., Storfer-Isser, A., Sang, Y., Matsushita, K., Ballew, S. H., Chang, A. R., Levey, A. S., Bailey, R. A., Fishman, J., & Coresh, J.
Affiliations
  • American Medical Group Association (US)
  • National Kidney Foundation (US)
  • National Committee for Quality Assurance, Washington, DC
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Geisinger Medical Center (US)
  • Tufts Medical Center (US)
  • Janssen Scientific Affairs (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Stempniewicz, Nikita
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2021-07-07
Volume
44
Issue
9
Pages
2000-2009
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc20-2715
PMC
PMC8740923
OpenAlex
W3178715673
Cited by
157
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 9 · 2012: 1
FWCI
12.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor)
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
Keywords
chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin-creatinine ratio, albuminuria, CKD screening, guideline adherence, primary care
MeSH terms
Adult, Albuminuria, Creatinine, Delivery of Health Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Primary Health Care, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

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