Degree of Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Normalization in Individuals Receiving Bariatric Surgery: Evidence From NHANES 2015-2018
Open accessAbstract
Bariatric surgery leads to clinically significant weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors (1–3). However, population-based evidence evaluating the degree of improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes among those receiving bariatric surgery is limited. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018, we examined cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery, those eligible for but not receiving bariatric surgery, and normal-weight adults. This study included adults aged ≥18 years who responded to bariatric surgery questions during the NHANES 2015–2018 cycles. The NHANES uses a stratified multistage probability method to sample the nationally representative U.S. population (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm). We analyzed six cardiometabolic measures—systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and hs-CRP—measured in a mobile examination center. We used survey design–adjusted descriptive statistics to characterize the study population into three groups: 1 ) individuals with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 2 ) individuals reporting receipt of bariatric surgery, and 3 ) individuals medically eligible for bariatric surgery but reporting they had not received it. Surgery eligibility criteria include BMI ≥40 kg/m2 or …
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
After bariatric surgery, cardiometabolic health, cancer risk, and life expectancy may improve dramatically even if BMI remains in the obesity range.
“Maintaining a so-called normal body weight or BMI is unnecessary after having bariatric surgery as cardiometabolic health, cancer risk, and life expectancy may improve dramatically even if BMI remains in the obesity range (104–106).”
From Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery (2022) · cites this paper as [104]
The study’s summary reports substantially normalized cardiometabolic risk factors among people who had bariatric surgery despite BMI remaining in the obesity range. It does not assess cancer risk or life expectancy, and its cross-sectional design limits conclusions about improvement over time. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1998) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e565682010-001 · Cited by 9,452 · see citing works
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 2,737 · see citing works
Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Adults: A Review
Arterburn, D. E., Telem, D. A., Kushner, R. F., & Courcoulas, A. P. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12567 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
Weight and Metabolic Outcomes 12 Years after Gastric Bypass
Adams, T. D., Davidson, L. E., Litwin, S. E., Kim, J., Kolotkin, R. L., Nanjee, M. N., Gutierrez, J. M., Frogley, S. J., Ibele, A. R., Brinton, E. A., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1700459 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Thomas (2020) · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.7819 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Ahmed, B. H., King, W. C., GOURASH, W. F., Belle, S. H., Hinerman, A. S., Pomp, A., Dakin, G. F., & Courcoulas, A. P. (2018) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.06.008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery
Ames, G. E., Koball, A. M., & Clark, M. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.934680 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hong, Y.-R., Kelly, A. S., Johnson-Mann, C., Lemas, D. J., & Cardel, M. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Young-Rock
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2021-01-11
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e57-e58
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7896248
- OpenAlex
- W3120988228
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01HL141535)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK115632)
- University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1TR001427)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- bariatric surgery, cardiometabolic risk factors, weight loss, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, obesity, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Morbid, Risk Factors, Bariatric Surgery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
