Effects of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine on cystatin C-based kidney function: a SURPASS-4 post hoc analysis
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Tirzepatide reduces HbA1c and body weight, and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. Unlike creatine-derived eGFR (eGFR-creatinine), cystatin C–derived eGFR (eGFR-cystatin C) is unaffected by muscle mass changes. We assessed effects of tirzepatide on eGFR-creatinine and eGFR-cystatin C. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Our primary outcome was eGFR change from baseline at 52 weeks with pooled tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) and titrated insulin glargine in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4). RESULTS: Least squares mean (SE) eGFR-creatinine (mL/min/1.73 m2) changes from baseline with tirzepatide and insulin glargine were −2.5 (0.38) and −3.9 (0.38) (between-group difference, 1.4 [95% CI 0.3–2.4]) and −3.5 (0.37) and −5.3 (0.37) (between-group difference, 1.8 [95% CI 0.8–2.8]) for eGFR-cystatin C. Baseline, 1-year, and 1-year change from baseline values significantly correlated between eGFR-cystatin C and eGFR-creatinine. Measures of eGFR changes did not correlate with body weight changes. CONCLUSIONS: Tirzepatide slows the eGFR decline rate, supporting a kidney-protective effect.
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Treatment with the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide was associated with reduced albuminuria in patients with T2D or obesity, although most patients in these studies had normal albuminuria and did not have CKD.
“Treatment with the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide was associated with reduced albuminuria in patients with T2D or obesity, although most patients in these studies had normal albuminuria and did not have CKD.22,23”
From The Effect of Retatrutide on Kidney Parameters in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
The Results (Table 1; page unavailable) show that 63–64% of SURPASS-4 participants had no albuminuria at baseline. However, this analysis studied adults with type 2 diabetes, not an obesity-only population, and reports slower eGFR decline rather than a reduction in albuminuria. The copy does not establish that most participants did not have CKD. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPreliminary data from the SURPASS program indicate that tirzepatide slowed eGFR decline in comparison with both placebo and comparator drugs including insulin glargine.
“Preliminary data point toward beneficial effects of GIP agonism, as reported in findings from the SURPASS program that tirzepatide reduced UACR and slowed down eGFR declined in comparison with both placebo (53) and comparator drugs including insulin glargine (74, 75).”
From GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
Preliminary data from the SURPASS program indicate that tirzepatide reduced UACR in comparison with both placebo and comparator drugs including insulin glargine.
“Preliminary data point toward beneficial effects of GIP agonism, as reported in findings from the SURPASS program that tirzepatide reduced UACR and slowed down eGFR declined in comparison with both placebo (53) and comparator drugs including insulin glargine (74, 75).”
From GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
The Results report baseline UACR values, but no change in UACR with tirzepatide versus insulin glargine or placebo. The Conclusions say a future study will provide data on UACR; this paper instead reports slower eGFR decline versus insulin glargine. Searched the indexed copy for UACR reduction and placebo comparisons. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Heerspink, H. J. L., Sattar, N., Pavo, I., Haupt, A., Duffin, K. L., Yang, Z., Wiese, R. J., Wilson, J. M., Hemmingway, A., Cherney, D. Z. I., & Tuttle, K. R.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heerspink, Hiddo J.L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2023-06-02
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1501-1506
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC10369133
- OpenAlex
- W4379113768
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- tirzepatide, insulin glargine, cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal function, type 2 diabetes, renal function decline, renal protection, high cardiovascular risk, body weight
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Glargine, Tirzepatide, Adult, Body Weight, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney, Cystatin C
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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