CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,096Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes and associated disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Glucose Levels in U.S. Population Aged 20–74 Yr

Harris, Maureen I, Hadden, Wilbur C, Knowler, William C, Bennett, Peter H·1987·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diab.36.4.523
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes and of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) that meet National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria have been estimated for the U.S. population aged 20–74 yr from the 1976–1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey included a demographic/medical history questionnaire administered in the participant's home and a detailed examination composed of a physician's exam, special clinical procedures, other tests, and collection of blood and urine specimens. Survey participants were selected from 1970 census data through a stratified multistage probability sampling scheme. Of 17,390 eligible residents aged 20–74 yr, 15,357 (88.3%) participated in the interview and are the basis for estimates of diagnosed diabetes; 11,858 (68%) participated in the exam. A half sample of 5901 examinees was selected to receive a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in the morning after an overnight 10- to 16-h fast. Of these examinees, valid OGTT data were obtained for 3772 people without a medical history of diabetes, and these are the basis for estimates of undiagnosed diabetes and IGT. The major reasons for incomplete OGTT data were inability of participants to attend the examination center in the morning and lack of adherence to the fasting instructions. Despite the relatively low response rates, evidence is presented that data on both the interviewed sample and those receiving the OGTT, when adjusted for the 1970–1980 census characteristics by age, race, sex, income, and geographic location, are representative of the U.S. population. Extrapolation of these data to the U.S. population aged 20–74 yr indicates a total diabetes prevalence of 6.6% by NDDG criteria, or more than 8 million people with diabetes. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (3.2%) was almost equal to that of previously diagnosed diabetes (3.4%). Total rates of diabetes increased with age, from 2.0% at age 20–44 yr to 17.7% at age 65–74 yr. Rates were approximately equal by sex but were greater in Blacks than in Whites. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes by WHO criteria (3.4%) was similar to that by NDDG criteria, but the rate of impaired glucose tolerance (11.2%) was more than twice the NDDG estimate (4.6%). Both obesity and parental history of diabetes were associated with significantly higher rates of diabetes and IGT. Fasting plasma glucose was relatively insensitive to age, but 1-h and 2-h post-75-g glucose values increased significantly with age.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diab.36.4.523

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,001

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Harris, M. I., Hadden, W. C., Knowler, W. C., & Bennett, P. H.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • National Center for Health Statistics (US)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1987-04-01
Volume
36
Issue
4
Pages
523-534
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diab.36.4.523
OpenAlex
W2152582537
Cited by
1,096
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 18
FWCI
22.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords
diabetes prevalence, undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, NHANES, sex differences in diabetes, diabetes epidemiology, National Diabetes Data Group criteria, WHO criteria, fasting blood glucose
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Black or African American, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, United States, White People

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review