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Cited by 1,096Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes and associated disorders

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Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Glucose Levels in U.S. Population Aged 20–74 Yr

Harris, Maureen I, Hadden, Wilbur C, Knowler, William C, Bennett, Peter H·1987·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diab.36.4.523
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Abstract

The prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes and of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) that meet National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria have been estimated for the U.S. population aged 20–74 yr from the 1976–1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey included a demographic/medical history questionnaire administered in the participant's home and a detailed examination composed of a physician's exam, special clinical procedures, other tests, and collection of blood and urine specimens. Survey participants were selected from 1970 census data through a stratified multistage probability sampling scheme. Of 17,390 eligible residents aged 20–74 yr, 15,357 (88.3%) participated in the interview and are the basis for estimates of diagnosed diabetes; 11,858 (68%) participated in the exam. A half sample of 5901 examinees was selected to receive a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in the morning after an overnight 10- to 16-h fast. Of these examinees, valid OGTT data were obtained for 3772 people without a medical history of diabetes, and these are the basis for estimates of undiagnosed diabetes and IGT. The major reasons for incomplete OGTT data were inability of participants to attend the examination center in the morning and lack of adherence to the fasting instructions. Despite the relatively low response rates, evidence is presented that data on both the interviewed sample and those receiving the OGTT, when adjusted for the 1970–1980 census characteristics by age, race, sex, income, and geographic location, are representative of the U.S. population. Extrapolation of these data to the U.S. population aged 20–74 yr indicates a total diabetes prevalence of 6.6% by NDDG criteria, or more than 8 million people with diabetes. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (3.2%) was almost equal to that of previously diagnosed diabetes (3.4%). Total rates of diabetes increased with age, from 2.0% at age 20–44 yr to 17.7% at age 65–74 yr. Rates were approximately equal by sex but were greater in Blacks than in Whites. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes by WHO criteria (3.4%) was similar to that by NDDG criteria, but the rate of impaired glucose tolerance (11.2%) was more than twice the NDDG estimate (4.6%). Both obesity and parental history of diabetes were associated with significantly higher rates of diabetes and IGT. Fasting plasma glucose was relatively insensitive to age, but 1-h and 2-h post-75-g glucose values increased significantly with age.

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Metadata

Authors
Harris, M. I., Hadden, W. C., Knowler, W. C., & Bennett, P. H.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • National Center for Health Statistics (US)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1987-04-01
Volume
36
Issue
4
Pages
523-534
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diab.36.4.523
OpenAlex
W2152582537
Cited by
1,096
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 18
FWCI
22.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Keywords
diabetes prevalence, undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, NHANES, sex differences in diabetes, diabetes epidemiology, National Diabetes Data Group criteria, WHO criteria, fasting blood glucose
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Black or African American, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, United States, White People

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