The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genetic Studies of the Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health concern in the U.S., reaching epidemic proportions among adults and children. Recent national surveys show that American adults have experienced a 50% increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, while children and adolescents have experienced a 100% increase since the 1970s (rev. in 1). Coincident with this increase in obesity, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has also reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among adults in the U.S. has increased by 40% from 1990 to 1999, and is projected to increase by 165% between the years 2020 and 2050 (2,3). Recent studies have estimated the lifetime risk of diagnosed diabetes to be approximately one in three for males and two in five for females born in the U.S. in the year 2000 (4). Moreover, an alarming increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes has now been reported in very young children (5). The escalating rates of both type 2 diabetes and obesity are likely due to changes in the environment, coupled with changes in human behavior and lifestyle. However, in most developed countries, food is now plentiful and lifestyle is generally sedentary, but not all people become obese, and furthermore, most obese people do not develop type 2 diabetes. It is likely that genetic factors underlie a significant portion of the susceptibility to both obesity and type 2 diabetes, and that expression of this susceptibility is dependent on environmental variables. The large variation in prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes among ethnic groups living in similar environments, the increased risk to siblings of affected individuals, and the high concordance rate for the disease in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins indicate that this disease has a significant genetic component (rev. in 6). Studies in twins, …
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These observations, together with strong evidence of the importance of genetic susceptibility in type 2 diabetes (8), indicate that type 2 diabetes results from an interaction between genetic predisposition and lifestyles associated with unfavorable environments.”
From Effects of Traditional and Western Environments on Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S. (2006) · cites this paper as [8]
Citations
Cites
A Strong Candidate for the Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA1
Miki, Y., Swensen, J. J., Shattuck-Eidens, D. M., Futreal, P. A., Harshman, K., Tavtigian, S. V., Liu, Q., Cochran, C., Bennett, L. M., Ding, W., et al. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7545954 · Cited by 6,069
Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Hugot, J.-P., Chamaillard, M., Zouali, H., Lesage, S., Cézard, J.-P., Belaiche, J., Almer, S., Tysk, C., O'Morain, C. A., Gassull, M., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079107 · Cited by 5,591
Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results
Lander, E. S., & Kruglyak, L. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1195-241 · Cited by 5,236
A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Ogura, Y., Bonen, D. K., Inohara, N., Nicolae, D. L., Chen, F. F., Ramos, R., Britton, H., Moran, T., Karaliuskas, R., Duerr, R. H., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079114 · Cited by 5,030
Identification of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2
Wooster, R., Bignell, G. R., Lancaster, J., Swift, S., Seal, S., Mangion, J., Collins, N., Gregory, S. G., Gumbs, C. E., Micklem, G., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378789a0 · Cited by 3,645
Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States
Narayan, K. M. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1884 · Cited by 1,515
Lillioja, S., Mott, D. M., Spraul, M., Ferraro, R., Foley, J. E., Ravussin, E., Knowler, W. C., Bennett, P. H., & Bogardus, C. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312303292703 · Cited by 1,508
Genetic variation in the gene encoding calpain-10 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Horikawa, Y., Oda, N., Cox, N. J., Li, X., Orho‐Melander, M., Hara, M., Hinokio, Y., Lindner, T. H., Mashima, H., Schwarz, P. E. H., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/79876 · Cited by 1,467
Self-citationDeeb, S. S., Fajas, L., Nemoto, M., Pihlajamäki, J., Mykkänen, L., Kuusisto, J., Laakso, M., Fujimoto, W., & Auwerx, J. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/3099 · Cited by 1,319
Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Eerdewegh, P. V., Little, R. D., Dupuis, J., Mastro, R. G. D., Falls, K., Simon, J. S., Torrey, D., Pandit, S., McKenny, J., Braunschweiger, K. I., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00878 · Cited by 1,082
Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998.
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Nelson, D. E., Engelgau, M. M., Vinicor, F., & Marks, J. S. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278 · Cited by 1,042 · cited 1×
“has increased by 40% from 1990 to 1999, and is projected to increase by 165% between the years 2020 and 2050 (2,3).”
BackgroundProjection of Diabetes Burden Through 2050
Boyle, J. P., Honeycutt, A. A., Narayan, K. M. V., Hoerger, T. J., Geiss, L. S., Chen, H., & Thompson, T. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.11.1936 · Cited by 1,004 · cited 1×
“has increased by 40% from 1990 to 1999, and is projected to increase by 165% between the years 2020 and 2050 (2,3).”
BackgroundKnowler, W. C., Bennett, P. H., Hamman, R. F., & Miller, M. (1978) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112648 · Cited by 601
Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis
Knowler, W. C., Pettitt, D. J., Saad, M. F., & Bennett, P. H. (1990) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610060101 · Cited by 578
Hanson, R. L., Ehm, M. G., Pettitt, D. J., Procházka, M., Thompson, D. B., Timberlake, D. S., Foroud, T., Kobes, S., Baier, L. J., Burns, D. K., et al. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302061 · Cited by 468
Self-citationIncreasing prevalence of Type II diabetes in American Indian children
Dabelea, D., Hanson, R. L., Bennett, P. H., Roumain, J., Knowler, W. C., & Pettitt, D. J. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051006 · Cited by 403
Self-citationBogardus, C., Lillioja, S., Howard, B. V., Reaven, G. M., & Mott, D. M. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111533 · Cited by 397
Baier, L. J., Sacchettini, J. C., Knowler, W. C., Eads, J. C., Paolisso, G., Tataranni, P. A., Mochizuki, H., Bennett, P. H., Bogardus, C., & Procházka, M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117778 · Cited by 371
Self-citationA calpain-10 gene polymorphism is associated with reduced muscle mRNA levels and insulin resistance
Baier, L. J., Permana, P. A., Yang, X., Pratley, R. E., Hanson, R. L., Shen, G.-Q., Mott, D. M., Knowler, W. C., Cox, N. J., Horikawa, Y., et al. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10665 · Cited by 286
Self-citationDabelea, D., & Pettitt, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2001-0803 · Cited by 270
Almind, K., Inoue, G., Pedersen, O. B., & Kahn, C. R. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118705 · Cited by 228
An autosomal genomic scan for loci linked to prediabetic phenotypes in Pima Indians.
Pratley, R. E., Thompson, D. B., Procházka, M., Baier, L. J., Mott, D. M., Ravussin, É., Sakul, H., Ehm, M. G., Burns, D. K., Foroud, T., et al. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci1850 · Cited by 206
Self-citationBaier, L. J., Bogardus, C., & Sacchettini, J. C. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.18.10892 · Cited by 181
Self-citationFagot‐Campagna, A., Narayan, K. M. V., & Imperatore, G. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7283.377 · Cited by 179
Hsueh, W.-C., Mitchell, B. D., Aburomia, R., Pollin, T. I., Sakul, H., Ehm, M. G., Michelsen, B. K., Wagner, M. J., Jean, P. L. S., Knowler, W. C., et al. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.5.595 · Cited by 173
Genomewide Linkage Analysis of Body Mass Index across 28 Years of the Framingham Heart Study
Atwood, L. D., Heard‐Costa, N. L., Cupples, L. A., Jaquish, C. E., Wilson, P. W. F., & D’Agostino, R. B. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/343822 · Cited by 158
Jellema, A., Zeegers, M. P., Feskens, E. J. M., Dagnelie, P. C., & Mensink, R. P. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1126-4 · Cited by 144
Muller, Y. L., Bogardus, C., Pedersen, O. B., & Baier, L. J. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.895 · Cited by 142
Self-citationA Major Predisposition Locus for Severe Obesity, at 4p15-p14
Stone, S., Abkevich, V., Hunt, S. C., Gutin, A., Russell, D. L., Neff, C. D., Riley, R., Frech, G. C., Hensel, C. H., Jammulapati, S., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/340670 · Cited by 133
Growing evidence for diabetes susceptibility genes from genome scan data
McCarthy, M. I. (2003) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-003-0040-y · Cited by 120
Watanabe, R. M., Valle, T. T., Hauser, E. R., Ghosh, S., Eriksson, J. G., Kohtamäki, K., Ehnholm, C., Tuomilehto, J., Collins, F. S., Bergman, R. N., et al. (1999) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000022865 · Cited by 117
Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in monozygotic and dizygotic twins
Lehtovirta, M., Kaprio, J. A., Forsblom, C. M., Eriksson, J. G., Tuomilehto, J., & Groop, L. (2000) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050046 · Cited by 110
Sakul, H., Pratley, R. E., Cardon, L. R., Ravussin, É., Mott, D. M., & Bogardus, C. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 109
The Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Gene (IRS1) in Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians
Kovacs, P. L., Hanson, R. L., Lee, Y., Yang, X., Kobes, S., Permana, P. A., Bogardus, C., & Baier, L. J. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.12.3005 · Cited by 94
Self-citationMuller, Y. L., Bogardus, C., Beamer, B. A., Shuldiner, A. R., & Baier, L. J. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1864 · Cited by 91
Self-citationA common variant in PPP1R3 associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Xia, J., Scherer, S. W., Cohen, P. T., Majer, M., Xi, T., Norman, R. A., Knowler, W. C., Bogardus, C., & Prochazka, M. (1998) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.47.9.1519 · Cited by 86
Major Gene Effect for Insulin Levels in Familial NIDDM Pedigrees
Schumacher, M. C., Hasstedt, S. J., Hunt, S. C., Williams, R. R., & Elbein, S. C. (1992) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.41.4.416 · Cited by 85
Schousboe, K., Visscher, P. M., Henriksen, J. E., Hopper, J. L., S�rensen, T. I. A., & Kyvik, K. O. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1165-x · Cited by 71
Borecki, I. B., HIGGINS, M. W., Schreiner, P. J., Arnett, D. K., Mayer‐Davis, E. J., Hunt, S. C., & Province, M. A. (1998) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00323.x · Cited by 69
A Genome‐Wide Scan for Body Mass Index among Nigerian Families
Adeyemo, A., Luke, A. H., Cooper, R., Wu, X., Tayo, B. O., Zhu, X., Rotimi, C. N., Bouzekri, N., & Ward, R. H. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.40 · Cited by 69
Bouchard, C., & Përusse, L. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18834.x · Cited by 66
Hanson, R. L., Elston, R. C., Pettitt, D. J., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 65
Self-citationFamily and genetic studies of indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in Pima Indians
Hanson, R. L., Imperatore, G., Narayan, K. M. V., Roumain, J., Fagot‐Campagna, A., Pettitt, D. J., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C. (2001) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.213 · Cited by 53
Self-citationWilliams, R. C., Knowler, W. C., Pettitt, D. J., Long, J. C., Rokala, D. A., Polesky, H. F., Hackenberg, R. A., Steinberg, A. G., & Bennett, P. H. (1992) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 43
D, M. P. S. M., Mitchell, B. D., Blangero, J., Reinhart, L. J., Krammerer, C. M., Harrison, C. R., Shipman, P. A., O'Connell, P., Frazier, M. L., & MacCluer, J. W. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.5.563 · Cited by 39
Calpain 10: the first positional cloning of a gene for type 2 diabetes?
Permutt, M. A., Bernal‐Mizrachi, E., & Inoue, H. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11228 · Cited by 33
Evidence for a Major Gene Affecting Postchallenge Insulin Levels in Mexican-Americans
Mitchell, B. D., Kammerer, C. M., Hixson, J. E., Atwood, L. D., Hackleman, S. M., Blangero, J., Haffner, S. M., D, M. P. S. M., & MacCluer, J. W. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.3.284 · Cited by 31
Further evidence for a type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus on chromosome 11q
Duggirala, R., Almasy, L. A., Blangero, J., Jenkinson, C. P., Arya, R., DeFronzo, R. A., D, M. P. S. M., & O'Connell, P. (2003) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.10233 · Cited by 30
Family studies of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in South Indians
McCarthy, M. I., Hitman, G. A., Shields, D. C., Morton, N. E., Snehalatha, C., Mohan, V., Ramachandran, A., & Viswanathan, M. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00399796 · Cited by 29
Variation in the FABP2 promoter affects gene expression: implications for prior association studies
Baier, L. J., & Formanack, M. L. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1289-z · Cited by 28
Self-citationSegregation analysis of NIDDM in Caucasian families
Cook, J. T. E., Shields, D. C., Page, R. C., Lévy, J., Hattersley, A. T., Shaw, J. A. G., Neil, H. A. W., Wainscoat, J. S., & Turner, R. C. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00399797 · Cited by 27
Rice, T., Sjöström, C. D., Përusse, L., Rao, D. C., Sjöström, L., & Bouchard, C. (1999) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00403.x · Cited by 24
Stern, M. P., Mitchell, B. D., Blangero, J., et al. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.45.5.563 · Cited by 19
Overweight and Obesity Prevalence Rates among Youth in the Carolinas
Terrell, D. F. (2002) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/ncm.63.6.281 · Cited by 18
Segregation Analysis of Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index in a Rural US Community
Nath, S. K., Chakravarti, A., Chen, C.-H., Cooper, R., Weder, A. B., & Schork, N. J. (2002) · Human Biology · doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0010 · Cited by 10
Evidence for a major gene affecting postchallenge insulin levels in Mexican-Americans
Mitchell, B. D., Kammerer, C. M., Hixson, J. E., et al. (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.44.3.284 · Cited by 9
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and maturity-onset diabetes of the young
Hanson, R. L., & Knowler, W. C. (2024) · Garland Science eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003579960-7 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Schulz, L. O., Bennett, P. H., Ravussin, E., Kidd, J. R., Kidd, K. K., Esparza, J., & Valencia, M. E. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0138 · Cited by 420
Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias
Amutah, C., Greenidge, K., Mante, A., Munyikwa, M. R., Surya, S. L., Higginbotham, E. J., Jones, D. S., Lavizzo‐Mourey, R. J., Roberts, D. E., Tsai, J. W., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms2025768 · Cited by 324
A comparative study on diabetes disease diagnosis using neural networks
Temurtaş, H., Yumuşak, N., & Temurtaş, F. (2008) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.10.032 · Cited by 306
Janssen, J. A. M. J. L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22157797 · Cited by 315
Effect of Early Particulate Air Pollution Exposure on Obesity in Mice
Xu, X., Yavar, Z., Verdin, M., Ying, Z., Mihai, G., Kampfrath, T., Wang, A., Zhong, M., Lippmann, M., Chen, L., et al. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.215350 · Cited by 293
Metadata
- Authors
- Baier, L. J., & Hanson, R. L.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-05-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1181-1186
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2139944275
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, Pima Indians, genetic susceptibility, obesity, diabetes etiology, genetic epidemiology, twin concordance, environmental factors
- MeSH terms
- Cloning, Molecular, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Indians, North American, Genetic Linkage, Obesity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
