Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998.

Mokdad, A H; Ford, E S; Bowman, B A; Nelson, D E; Engelgau, M M; Vinicor, F; Marks, J S

doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278

Cited by 1,042Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsObesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes Management and Research

Diabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998.

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Mokdad, A H, Ford, E S, Bowman, B A, Nelson, D E, Engelgau, M M, Vinicor, F, Marks, J S·2000·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in diabetes prevalence in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was conducted via telephone surveys in states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 1990 and 1998. The participants consisted of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older. The main outcome measure was self-reported diabetes. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes rose from 4.9% in 1990 to 6.5% in 1998--an increase of 33%. Increases were observed in both sexes, all ages, all ethnic groups, all education levels, and nearly all states. Changes in prevalence varied by state. The prevalence of diabetes was highly correlated with the prevalence of obesity (r = 0.64, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes continues to increase rapidly in the U.S. Because the prevalence of obesity is also rising, diabetes will become even more common. Major efforts are needed to alter these trends.

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Most insulin-resistant individuals, both diabetic and non-diabetic, are overweight or obese.
“The majority of insulin resistant individuals, both diabetic and nondiabetics, are overweight or obese [58]”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [58]
The overall increase in diabetes prevalence reflects an increase in type 2 diabetes due to the epidemic increase in excess body weight occurring in the US population during that period.
“This overall increase in diabetes prevalence reflects an increase in type 2 diabetes (which accounts for 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases) due to the epidemic increase in excess body weight occurring in the US population during that period.”
From Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association (2004) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors: Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Nelson, D. E., Engelgau, M. M., Vinicor, F., & Marks, J. S.
Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
ORCID: Mokdad, A H
Bowman, B A
Nelson, D E
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2000-09-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 9
Pages: 1278-1283
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278
OpenAlex: W2126115073
Cited by: 1,042
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 61.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: diabetes prevalence, temporal trends, obesity, self-reported diabetes, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, state-level variation, ethnic differences, educational attainment, United States
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Weight, Demography, Diabetes Mellitus, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking, United States, Racial Groups

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