Metabolic alterations in middle-aged and elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to assess the metabolic alterations in middle-aged and elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Healthy control subjects (9 middle-aged, aged 42 +/- 2 years, BMI 33 +/- 1 kg/m2; 10 elderly, aged 71 +/- 1 years, BMI 29 +/- 1 kg/m2) and patients with type 2 diabetes (11 middle-aged, aged 43 +/- 2 years, BMI 34 +/- 2 kg/m2; 23 elderly, aged 73 +/- 1 years; BMI 30 +/- 1 kg/m2) underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a 2-h hyperglycemic glucose clamp, and a 3-h euglycemic glucose clamp study with tritiated glucose methodology to measure hepatic glucose production and peripheral disposal rates. RESULTS: Middle-aged and elderly control subjects and patients with diabetes were similar in percentage of body fat. Waist-to-hip ratio was greater in elderly patients with diabetes than in elderly control subjects (P < 0.01), but was similar in both middle-aged groups. VO2max was less in control subjects than in both middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes (P < 0.05). Insulin responses during the OGTT were similar in elderly control subjects and patients with diabetes, but were less in middle-aged patients with diabetes than in control subjects (305 +/- 49 vs. 690 +/- 136 pmol/l, P < 0.01). Patients with type 2 diabetes had absent first-phase insulin responses during the hyperglycemic clamp. Second-phase (80-120 min) insulin values were similar in elderly patients and control subjects, but were reduced in middle-aged patients with diabetes compared with control subjects (285 +/- 35 vs. 894 +/- 143 pmol/l, P < 0.0001). During the euglycemic clamp, basal and steady-state (150-180 min) hepatic glucose output values were less in middle-aged control subjects than in patients with diabetes (basal, 3.03 +/- 0.10 vs. 3.69 +/- 0.09 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.0001; steady-state, 0.72 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.20 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.0001). Basal and steady-state hepatic glucose output values were similar in elderly patients and control subjects. Finally, steady-state (150-180 min) glucose disposal rates were higher in control subjects than in patients with diabetes in both the middle-aged (7.51 +/- 0.85 vs. 4.62 +/- 0.24 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.01) and elderly (9.91 +/- 0.61 vs. 6.78 +/- 0.60 mg.kg-1 lean body mass.min-1, P < 0.01) groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that type 2 diabetes in obese middle-aged subjects is characterized by impaired glucose-induced insulin release, altered regulation of hepatic glucose output, and resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. In contrast, the primary defect in elderly obese patients with type 2 diabetes is resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Our findings may have important therapeutic implications for these patient populations.
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Improvements in insulin action and reduction in hyperinsulinemia have been reported in older, nondiabetic men following short-term strength training.
“Improvements in insulin action and reduction in hyperinsulinemia have also been reported in older, nondiabetic men following shortterm strength training (35).”
From ]. The Influence of Age on the Effects of Lifestyle Modification and Metformin in Prevention of Diabetes (2006) · cites this paper as [35]
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Nutritional Considerations for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Josse, A. R., Panahi, S., Esfahani, A., Leiter, L. A., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Kendall, C. W. C. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly · doi:10.1080/01639360802265905 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A software tool for applying Bayes' theorem in medical diagnostics
Chatzimichail, T., & Hatjimihail, A. T. (2024) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-024-02721-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Florez, H. J., Ruiz, J. G., & Munshi, M. N. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118387658.ch57 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of diabetes in older people
Meneilly, G. S. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118954621.ch1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationA Bayesian Inference Based Computational Tool for Parametric and Nonparametric Medical Diagnosis
Chatzimichail, T., & Hatjimihail, A. T. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13193135 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients
Metzler, W., Fischer, S., Köhler, C. U., Pistrosch, F., Kindel, B., & Hanefeld, M. (2002) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0953-6205(01)00202-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kidney Indices and Serum Electrolytes of Diabetic Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe
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Healthwise, Part 5. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes
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Predictors of cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia
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Drug-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus
McCullen, M. K., & Ahmed, I. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780849379581-35 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Treatment Considerations for Diabetes: A Pharmacist’s Guide to Improving Care in the Elderly
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- Authors
- Meneilly, G. S., & Elliott, T.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Meneilly, G S
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 112-118
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W1989181445
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, obesity, middle-aged adults, older adults, hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance, first-phase insulin response, second-phase insulin response, hepatic insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, waist-to-hip ratio, VO2max
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Reference Values, Glucose Clamp Technique, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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