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Pramlintide as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy Improves Long-Term Glycemic and Weight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—Mealtime amylin replacement with the human amylin analog pramlintide, as an adjunct to mealtime insulin replacement, reduces postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of pramlintide in this patient population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a 52-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study, 656 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 57 ± 10 years, diabetes duration 12 ± 7 years, BMI 34.0 ± 7.0 kg/m2, HbA1c 9.1 ± 1.2%, mean ± SD) treated with insulin (alone or in combination with sulfonylureas and/or metformin) were randomized to receive additional preprandial subcutaneous injections of either placebo or pramlintide (60 μg TID, 90 μg BID, or 120 μg BID). RESULTS—Treatment with pramlintide 120 μg BID led to a sustained reduction from baseline in HbA1c (−0.68 and −0.62% at weeks 26 and 52, respectively), which was significantly greater than that seen with placebo (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c <8% was approximately twofold greater with pramlintide (120 μg BID) than with placebo (46 vs. 28%, P < 0.05). The glycemic improvement with pramlintide 120 μg BID was accompanied by a mean weight loss (−1.4 kg vs. +0.7 kg with placebo at week 52, P < 0.05) and occurred without an overall increase in the severe hypoglycemia event rate. The most common adverse event associated with pramlintide use was transient, mild-to-moderate nausea. CONCLUSIONS—Mealtime amylin replacement with pramlintide 120 μg BID, as an adjunct to insulin therapy, improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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“Clinical trials have shown a reduction in HbA 1c (0.3-0.4% [3-4 mmol/ mol]) and modest (1 kg) weight loss (251-254).”
From The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2021) · cites this paper as [253]
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“Somewhat greater weight loss was noted in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pramlintide.212”
From Obesity‐Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment: A Position Paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension (2013) · cites this paper as [212]
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Maggs, D. G., Shen, L. Z., Strobel, S. A., Brown, D., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.003 · Cited by 63
Self-citationAmylin-mediated control of glycemia, energy balance, and cognition
Mietlicki‐Baase, E. G. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.034 · Cited by 66
“The most commonly reported adverse effect of pramlintide is nausea [100-104].”
Obesity pharmacotherapy: What is next?
Colón‐González, F., Kim, G. W., Lin, J. E., Valentino, M. A., & Waldman, S. A. (2012) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2012.10.005 · Cited by 61
“Adverse effects were minimal and consisted of a transient increase in mild-to-moderate nausea and headache (Hollander et al., 2003; Maggs et al., 2003; Ratner et al., 2002; Whitehouse et al., 2002).”
BackgroundPractical Use of Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Igel, L. I., Kumar, R. B., Saunders, K. H., & Aronne, L. J. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.049 · Cited by 59
Recent Advances in Insulin Therapy
Wilson, L. M., & Castle, J. R. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0065 · Cited by 61
“0001).(58) Fixed premeal doses of 30 mcg SQ pramlintide used in conjunction with an insulin-only closed-loop system requiring meal announcement resulted in improved postprandial glucose levels and reduced area under the curve for the glucose excursions.”
MethodHollander, P. A., Ratner, R. E., Fineman, M. S., Strobel, S. A., Shen, L. Z., Maggs, D. G., Kolterman, O., & Weyer, C. (2003) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00295.x · Cited by 58
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Adjunct therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus
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“Another application of the drugs that could reduce postprandial glucose is as an adjunct to insulin for improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes [41,42].”
BackgroundHow Does Treatment Satisfaction Work?
Peyrot, M. F., & Rubin, R. R. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-2256 · Cited by 56
Complications of Diabetes Therapy
Corathers, S. D., Peavie, S., & Salehi, M. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.06.005 · Cited by 58
The Pharmacological Treatment and Management of Obesity
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“Exenatide long-acting release is a sustained-release formulation of exenatide, which is administered once weekly, and is currently being studied in clinical trials, showing encouraging preliminary results.42 Pramlintide Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of amylin (ie, islet amyloid polypeptide) that has recently been…”
BackgroundInfluentialNeed for better diabetes treatment for improved renal outcome
Rossing, P. R., & de Zeeuw, D. (2011) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2010.513 · Cited by 54
Role of Sequence and Structural Polymorphism on the Mechanical Properties of Amyloid Fibrils
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“In a recent decade, a rIAPP chain was regarded as an inhibitor [53], which inhibits the formation of hIAPP fibrils.”
BackgroundInfluentialInvestigating Endogenous Peptides and Peptidases Using Peptidomics
Tinoco, A. D., & Saghatelian, A. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi200417k · Cited by 52
Circulating Differentially Methylated Amylin DNA as a Biomarker of β-Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes
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Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review
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“Also, α-glucosidase inhibitors [131], thiazolidinediones [275], glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [205], pramlintide [101], and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors [56] are some of the newer medications with little evidence supporting their use.”
BackgroundNovel Pharmacologic Agents for Type 2 Diabetes
Uwaifo, G. I., & Ratner, R. E. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2004.11.006 · Cited by 45
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Novel strategy for the use of leptin for obesity therapy
Tam, C. S., Lecoultre, V., & Ravussin, É. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2011.619974 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollander, P. A., Levy, P., Fineman, M. S., Maggs, D. G., Shen, L. Z., Strobel, S. A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G.
- Affiliations
- Baylor University Medical Center (US)
- Phoenix Endocrinology Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
- Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-03-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 784-790
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2045554373
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- pramlintide, amylin analogues, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, hypoglycemia, nausea, long-term efficacy and safety
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Amyloid, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Incidence, Treatment Outcome, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
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