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Cited by 424Diabetes Management and EducationChronic Disease Management StrategiesMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Diabetes, Major Depression, and Functional Disability Among U.S. Adults

Egede, Leonard E.·2004·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.27.2.421
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to determine prevalence and odds of functional disability in individuals with diabetes and comorbid major depression compared with individuals with either diabetes or major depression alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data on 30,022 adults aged ≥18 years from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. Four disease categories were created: no diabetes and no major depression, major depression alone, diabetes alone, and diabetes and comorbid major depression. Prevalence of functional disability was calculated for each disease category. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the odds and correlates of functional disability by disease category controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, census region, and disability-associated comorbidity. STATA was used for all analyses to account for the complex survey design of NHIS. RESULTS—Prevalence of functional disability by disease category was as follows: no diabetes and no major depression (24.5%); major depression (51.3%); diabetes (58.1%); and diabetes and comorbid major depression (77.8%). With no diabetes and no major depression as reference and after adjusting for relevant covariates, the odds of functional disability was 3.00 (95% CI 2.62–3.42) for major depression, 2.42 (2.10–2.79) for diabetes, and 7.15 (4.53–11.28) for diabetes and comorbid major depression. CONCLUSIONS—Individuals with diabetes and comorbid major depression have higher odds of functional disability compared with individuals with either diabetes or major depression alone. Additional studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.

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Metadata

Authors
Egede, L. E.
Affiliations
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author
Egede, Leonard E.
ORCID
Egede, Leonard E.
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2004-02-01
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
421-428
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.27.2.421
OpenAlex
W1969684313
Cited by
422
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 20
FWCI
9.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Diabetes Association
  • World Health Organization
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (5K08HS11418)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, major depressive disorder, functional disability, comorbidities, prevalence, disability risk factors, physical and mental health
MeSH terms
Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Ethnicity, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Health Surveys, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Racial Groups

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