Factors Influencing the Absorption, Serum Insulin Concentration, and Blood Glucose Responses After Injections of Regular Insulin and Various Insulin Mixtures
Abstract
Normal fasting subjects received regular insulin and mixtures of regular with NPH or lente to assess the effects of the combinations on serum insulin concentrations (SIC) and blood glucose responses (BGR). In addition, the influence of concentration, depth, and method and site of administration was investigated. In studies of mixtures of regular with NPH and with lente, it was observed that the regular: lente ratio needed to achieve peak SIC was higher than with the regular: NPH combination. Increased SIC, including either the peak and/or the time interval required to achieve the peak, were related to the depth and site (deltoid and abdominal greater than anterior thigh or buttocks). Assuming linear kinetics of absorption, significant quantities of insulin fail to reach the serum. Marked intra- and intersubject variations in SIC and BGR to regular, NPH, and lente insulins were observed.
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Previous studies with other analogues have shown that pharmacological effects of basal insulin analogues can vary with different regions following subcutaneous administration.
“Previous studies with other analogues have shown that pharmacological effects of basal insulin analogues can vary with different regions following SC administration [44–47].”
From A Review of the Pharmacological Properties of Insulin Degludec and Their Clinical Relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Galloway, J. A., Spradlin, C. T., Nelson, R. L., Wentworth, S. M., Davidson, J. A., & Swarner, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Dallas, Texas
- Valparaiso, Indiana
- ORCID
- Davidson, J A
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1981-05-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 366-376
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2024678611
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- insulin mixtures, regular insulin, NPH insulin, lente insulin, glycemic response, injection site, injection depth, insulin levels, interindividual variability, within-person variability
- MeSH terms
- Biological Availability, Blood Glucose, Humans, Injections, Insulin, Insulin, Isophane, Male, Insulin, Long-Acting
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