Effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on chronic central pain after mild traumatic brain injury: A pilot study
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OBJECTIVE: Central pain can occur following traumatic brain injury, leading to poor functional recovery, limitation of activities of daily living, and decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine whether high-frequency (10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, applied over the primary motor cortex of the affected hemisphere, can be used to manage chronic central pain after mild traumatic brain injury. DESIGN: Prospective randomized feasibility study. METHODS: Twelve patients with mild traumatic brain injury and chronic central pain were randomly assigned to transcranial magnetic stimulation (high-frequency stimulation, 10 sessions) or sham groups. Diffuse tensor tractography revealed partially injured spinothalamocortical tracts in all recruited patients. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate pain intensity during pre-treatment and immediately after the 5th transcranial magnetic stimulation session (post1), 10th transcranial magnetic stimulation session (post2), and 1 (post3), 2 (post4), and 4 weeks (post 5) after finishing treatment. Physical and mental health status were evaluated using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), including physical and mental component scores (PCS, MCS). RESULTS: The NRS score of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group was significantly lower than the sham group score at all clinical evaluation time-points during and after transcranial magnetic stimulation sessions. The transcranial magnetic stimulation group's SF-36 PCS score was significantly higher at post2, post3, post4, and post5 compared with the sham group. CONCLUSION: High-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation may be used to manage chronic central pain and improve quality of life in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. However, this is a pilot study and further research is needed.
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Multiple studies and meta-analyses demonstrate that TMS, administered to a variety of brain locations including the DLPFC, does not induce more significant numbers of adverse events among individuals with mTBI than among individuals without mTBI.
“Further, multiple studies and meta-analyses demonstrate that TMS, administered to a variety of brain locations, including the DLPFC, does not induce more significant numbers of AEs among individuals with mTBI than among individuals without mTBI [23,25,62,63].”
From Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
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A Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Post-Traumatic Pain (2023 Edition)
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- Authors
- Choi, G., Kwak, S., Lee, H., & Chang, M.
- Affiliations
- Daegu Catholic University (KR)
- Yeungnam University (KR)
- ORCID
- Chang, M
- Venue
- Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
- Publisher
- Medical Journals Sweden AB
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 246-252
- ISSN
- 1650-1977 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2791415706
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, mild traumatic brain injury, primary motor cortex, pain intensity, quality of life, physical and mental health
- MeSH terms
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adult, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Chronic Pain
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