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Cited by 63Environmental Conservation and ManagementConservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementExtractivism and Socioeconomic Issues

Crisis conservation and green extraction: biodiversity offsets as spaces of double exception

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Le Billon, Philippe·2021·Journal of Political Ecology
DOI 10.2458/jpe.2991
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Abstract

Extraction and conservation seem to be polar opposites, yet they entertain multiple relations as the 'greening' of extractive activities mobilizes conservation efforts to address the 'extinction crisis.' Drawing on a review of the literature and two case studies, this article discusses the politics of affinity and enmity shaping the extraction-conservation nexus, and partnerships. As crisis conservation and green extraction receive increased attention, the article suggests that the convergence of extraction and conservation is not only pragmatic, but also reflects shared discursive imaginaries and valuations of nature, practices materialized through spaces of 'double exception', and common politics of enmity directed at local communities that legitimize exclusionary practices rather than solve capitalism's contradictions.

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  • Green financialization plays a growing role in ecotourism, as ecotourism projects are enabled by finance from carbon markets and new technologies, such as block chain.

    “Green financialization plays a growing role in this, as ecotourism projects are enabled by”

    From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Le Billon, 2021

    In “Explaining extraction and conservation partnerships” (page unavailable), the paper says conservation organizations can receive funding and use extractive infrastructure to develop ecotourism. It does not say that this funding comes from carbon markets or blockchain technology, or establish a growing role for those forms of green finance in ecotourism. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Companies frequently use conservation to justify mega-infrastructure projects and mining.

    “which is frequently compounded by companies using”

    From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Le Billon, 2021

    The ‘Growing affinities between extraction and conservation’ section says conservation organizations facilitate extractive companies’ conservation claims and help improve mining companies’ environmental image. The ‘Extraction offsets’ section says offsets facilitate extraction permits and discusses a dam offset scheme, but it does not establish that companies frequently use conservation to justify mega-infrastructure projects specifically. The passages provided do not show page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.81)

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  • The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction

    Dunlap, A., Verweijen, J., & Tornel, C. (2024) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/jpe.6131 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

    “…has also been advanced by Andrés Núñez and colleagues (2022, 703), who employ the concept of "eco-extractivism" to describe how "extractivist investors" are now investing in conservation or sustainable development projects (see Brock & Dunlap, 2018; Huff & Orengo, 2020; Le Billon, 2021).”
    Background

Authors
Le Billon, P.
Affiliations
University of British Columbia Geography and International Studies
ORCID
Le Billon, Philippe
Venue
Journal of Political Ecology
Publisher
University of Arizona
Published
2021-08-29
Volume
28
Issue
1
ISSN
1073-0451 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2458/jpe.2991
OpenAlex
W3198686775
Cited by
63
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
FWCI
9.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Political Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (452-14-001)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental Conservation and Management
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
Keywords
green extraction, biodiversity offsetting, extinction crisis, conservation partnerships, capitalism and nature

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