Passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 and long-term health and performance of calves

Abstract

SUMMARY: We quantified the effect of passive immune status on pre- and postweaning health and growth performance of calves raised in a beef production environment. Blood samples were collected at postpartum hour 24 from 263 crossbred calves for determination of plasma protein (pp) and serum IgG concentrations. Serum IgG concentration was classified as adequate (> 1,600 mg/dl), marginal (800 to 1,600 mg/dl), or inadequate (< 800 mg/dl). Plasma protein concentration was classified as adequate (≥ 4.8 g/dl) or inadequate (< 4.8 g/dl). Morbidity and mortality events in the study population were monitored from birth to weaning, and after weaning throughout the feeding period. The lowest concentrations of serum IgG and pp were observed among calves that experienced morbidity or mortality prior to weaning. Calves that experienced morbidity in the feedlot had lower 24-hour pp values, but had IgG concentration similar to that in calves that were not observed to be ill during the feeding period. Calves classified as having inadequate IgG concentration were at greater risk of preweaning mortality (odds ratio [or] = 5.4), neonatal morbidity (or = 6.4), and preweaning morbidity (or = 3.2), compared with calves classified as having adequate IgG concentration at 24 hours. Calves classified as having inadequate pp concentration at 24 hours had a greater risk of morbidity (or = 3.0) and respiratory tract morbidity (or = 3.1) while in the feedlot, compared with calves classified as having adequate pp concentration. The effects of 24-hour passive immune status on calf growth were indirect through effects on morbidity outcomes. Morbidity during the first 28 days of life was associated with a 16-kg lower expected weaning weight. Respiratory morbidity in the feedlot resulted in a 0.04-kg lower expected mean daily gain. Thus, passive immune status at postpartum hour 24 was an important determinant of health before and after weaning, and was indirectly associated with calf growth during the same periods.