Risk Factors Associated with Canine Heartworm Infection
Abstract
SUMMARY: Risk factors associated with canine heartworm infection were determined by screening medical records from the Veterinary Medical Data Program of June 1964–May 1976. Data represented were from 14 colleges and schools of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada. A total of 3,655 dogs were infected. Intact male dogs 4 to 7 years old and of the larger hound breeds had the highest relative risk, whereas dogs of smaller breeds, those less than 2 years old, spayed females, and castrated males were at least risk.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Age has been found to be among the recognised risk factors for filarial infection in dogs.
“Age has been found to be among the recognised risk factors for filarial infection in dogs [35, 36].”
From Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece (2016) · cites this paper as [36]
Cites
Guaranteed Minimum-Rank Solutions of Linear Matrix Equations via Nuclear Norm Minimization
Recht, B., Fazel, M., & Parrilo, P. A. (2010) · SIAM Review · doi:10.1137/070697835 · Cited by 3,474 · see citing works
A rank minimization heuristic with application to minimum order system approximation
Fazel, M., Hindi, H., & Boyd, S. (2001) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.1109/acc.2001.945730 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Exact and approximate rebinning algorithms for 3-D PET data
Defrise, M., Kinahan, P. E., Townsend, D. W., Michel, C. J., Sibomana, M., & Newport, D. F. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.563660 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Levin, C. S., & Hoffman, E. J. (1999) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/44/3/019 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Fully 3-D PET reconstruction with system matrix derived from point source measurements
Panin, V. Y., Kehren, F., Michel, C., & Casey, M. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2006.876171 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
New, faster, image-based scatter correction for 3D PET
Watson, C. C. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.873020 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Resolution modeling in PET imaging: Theory, practice, benefits, and pitfalls
Rahmim, A., Qi, J., & Sossi, V. (2013) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.4800806 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Bao, Q., Newport, D. F., Chen, M., Stout, D. B., & Chatziioannou, A. F. (2009) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.056374 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Impact of Image-Space Resolution Modeling for Studies with the High-Resolution Research Tomograph
Sureau, F. C., Reader, A. J., Comtat, C., Leroy, C., Ribeiro, M. J., Buvat, I., & Trébossen, R. (2008) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.107.045351 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Application and Evaluation of a Measured Spatially Variant System Model for PET Image Reconstruction
Alessio, A. M., Stearns, C. W., Tong, S., Ross, S. G., Kohlmyer, S. G., Ganin, A., & Kinahan, P. E. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2010.2040188 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
EM algorithm system modeling by image-space techniques for PET reconstruction
Reader, A. J., Julyan, P. J., Williams, H. A., Hastings, D. L., & Zweit, J. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2003.817327 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Modeling and incorporation of system response functions in 3-D whole body PET
Alessio, A. M., Kinahan, P. E., & Lewellen, T. K. (2006) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2006.873222 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Huesman, R. H., Klein, G. J., Moses, W. W., et al. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.870263 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Rank-Constrained Solutions to Linear Matrix Equations Using PowerFactorization
Haldar, J. P., & Hernando, D. (2009) · IEEE Signal Processing Letters · doi:10.1109/lsp.2009.2018223 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Fully 3D Bayesian image reconstruction for the ECAT EXACT HR+
Qi, J., Leahy, R. M., Hsu, C., et al. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.681985 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Cai, J., Jia, X., Gao, H., et al. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2319055 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Image-based point spread function implementation in a fully 3D OSEM reconstruction algorithm for PET
Rapisarda, E., Bettinardi, V, Thielemans, K., & Gilardi, M. C. (2010) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/14/012 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Quantitative image reconstruction for total-body PET imaging using the 2-meter long EXPLORER scanner
Zhang, X., Zhou, J., Cherry, S. R., Badawi, R. D., & Qi, J. (2017) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/1361-6560/aa5e46 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Use of a Monte Carlo-based probability matrix for 3-D iterative reconstruction of MADPET-II data
Rafecas, M., Mosler, B., Dietz, M., Pögl, M., Stamatakis, A., McElroy, D. P., & Ziegler, S. I. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2004.834827 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Detector response models for statistical iterative image reconstruction in high resolution PET
Selivanov, V. V., Picard, Y., Cadorette, J., Rodrigue, S., & Lecomte, R. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.856565 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Inter-crystal scatter in a dual layer, high resolution LSO-APD positron emission tomograph
Rafecas, M., ning, G. B., Pichler, B. J., et al. (2003) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/48/7/302 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Multi-ray-based system matrix generation for 3D PET reconstruction
Moehrs, S., Defrise, M., Belcari, N., Guerra, A. D., Bartoli, A., Fabbri, S., & Zanetti, G. (2008) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/018 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
On the assessment of spatial resolution of PET systems with iterative image reconstruction
Gong, K., Cherry, S. R., & Qi, J. (2016) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/5/n193 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Zhou, J., & Qi, J. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/20/015 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mumcuoglu, E. U., Leahy, R. M., Cherry, S. R., & Hoffman, E. (2002) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.1996.587924 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Analytic system matrix resolution modeling in PET: an application to Rb-82 cardiac imaging
Rahmim, A., Tang, J., Lodge, M. A., Lashkari, S., Ay, M. R., Läutamaki, R., Tsui, B. M. W., & Bengel, F. M. (2008) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/53/21/004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Tohme, M. S., & Qi, J. (2009) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/12/007 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Model-based normalization for iterative 3D PET image reconstruction
Bai, B., Li, Q., Holdsworth, C. H., et al. (2002) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/15/316 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Properties and Mitigation of Edge Artifacts in PSF-Based PET Reconstruction
Tong, S., Alessio, A. M., Thielemans, K., Stearns, C. W., Ross, S., & Kinahan, P. E. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2011.2164579 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
An improved analytical detector response function model for multilayer small-diameter PET scanners
Strul, D., Slates, R., Dahlbom, M. L., Cherry, S. R., & Marsden, P. K. (2003) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/48/8/302 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Designing a compact high performance brain PET scanner—simulation study
Gong, K., Majewski, S., Kinahan, P. E., et al. (2016) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/10/3681 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Non-Gaussian space-variant resolution modelling for list-mode reconstruction
Cloquet, C., Sureau, F. C., Defrise, M., Simaeys, G. V., Trotta, N., & Goldman, S. (2010) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/55/17/011 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kotasidis, F. A., Matthews, J. C., Angelis, G. I., Noonan, P. J., Jackson, A., Price, P., Lionheart, W. R. B., & Reader, A. J. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/10/003 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Fast and memory‐efficient Monte Carlo‐based image reconstruction for whole‐body PET
Zhang, L., Staelens, S. G., Holen, R. V., Beenhouwer, J. D., Verhaeghe, J. A. J., Kawrakow, I., & Vandenberghe, S. (2010) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1118/1.3455287 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Positron range and coincidence non-collinearity in SimSET
Harrison, R. L., Kaplan, M. S., Vannoy, S. D., et al. (2003) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.1999.842787 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Online detector response calculations for high-resolution PET image reconstruction
Pratx, G., & Levin, C. S. (2011) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/56/13/018 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Stortz, G., Sossi, V., Thompson, C. J., Retière, F., Kozłowski, P., Thiessen, J. D., & Goertzen, A. L. (2013) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/23/8379 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Yao, R., Ramachandra, R. M., Mahajan, N., Rathod, V., Gunasekar, N., Panse, A., Ma, T., Jian, Y., Yan, J., & Carson, R. E. (2012) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/21/6827 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Full field spatially-variant image-based resolution modelling reconstruction for the HRRT
Angelis, G. I., Kotasidis, F. A., Matthews, J. C., Markiewicz, P. J., Lionheart, W. R. B., & Reader, A. J. (2015) · Physica Medica · doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.12.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Design and Implementation of a Block Detector Simulation in SimSET
Harrison, R. L., Gillispie, S. B., & Lewellen, T. K. (2006) · 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record · doi:10.1109/nssmic.2006.356543 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zeraatkar, N., Ay, M. R., Ghafarian, P., Sarkar, S., Geramifar, P., & Rahmim, A. (2011) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.07.049 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Spatially Variant Resolution Modelling for Iterative List-Mode PET Reconstruction
Spangler‐Bickell, M. G., Zhou, L., & Nuyts, J. L. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2526631 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Accurate and efficient modeling of the detector response in small animal multi-head PET systems
Cecchetti, M., Moehrs, S., Belcari, N., & Guerra, A. D. (2013) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/19/6713 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tohme, M. S., & Qi, J. (2007) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prevalence and epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Kayseri Province, Turkey
Yildirim, A., Ica, A., Atalay, O., Duzlu, O., & Inci, A. (2007) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.08.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of Greece
Diakou, A., Kapantaidakis, E., Tamvakis, A., Giannakis, V., & Strus, N. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1797-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Canine filariasis in Salamanca (northwest Spain)
Perez-Sanchez, R., Gomez-Bautista, M., & Grandes, A. E. (1989) · Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1989.11812322 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Seroprevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in Albania
Rapti, D., & Rehbein, S. (2010) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-010-1914-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lefkaditis, M., Koukeri, S., & Cozma, V. (2010) · Helminthologia · doi:10.2478/s11687-010-0001-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Selby, L. A., Corwin, R. M., & Hayes, H. M.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 (Selby, Corwin), and the Environmental Epidemiology Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014 (Hayes).
- Venue
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
- Published
- 1980-01-01
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-35
- ISSN
- 0003-1488 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W28613163
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- canine heartworm disease, risk factors, dogs, relative risk, sex differences, age
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Body Weight, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Male, Risk, Sex Factors, Species Specificity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review