Cited by 166Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reliability and Factorial Validity of a Farsi. Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a Sample of Iranian Students

Besharat, Mohammad Ali·2007·Psychological Reports

DOI 10.2466/pr0.101.1.209-220

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale for 587 undergraduate students (349 women and 238 men) at the University of Tehran. All participants were asked to complete the Farsi version of the TAS-20, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Mental Health Inventory. Findings supported the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and three-factor structure of the Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. The factors found in the Farsi version of this scale are similar to the three factors found previously and were accordingly labeled as Difficulty Identifying Feelings, Difficulty Describing Feelings, and Externally Oriented Thinking. The results provide evidence for applicability of the TAS-20 and its cross-cultural validity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2466/pr0.101.1.209-220

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale--I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1 · Cited by 5,293
Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00001-4 · Cited by 3,856
The Prevalence of ‘Alexithymic’ Characteristics in Psychosomatic Patients
Sifneos, P. E. (2010) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000286529 · Cited by 2,818
The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia scale—II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity
Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (1994) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(94)90006-x · Cited by 2,431
The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations.
Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.51.5.730 · Cited by 2,094
Emotions across Languages and Cultures
Wierzbicka, A. (1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511521256 · Cited by 1,673
Disorders of Affect Regulation
Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Grotstein, J. S. (1997) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511526831 · Cited by 1,129
Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research.
Cole, D. A. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.4.584 · Cited by 1,089
The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Parker, J. D. A., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00578-0 · Cited by 1,036
Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure
Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., & Minski, P. S. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00056-9 · Cited by 674

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Akbuckle J. L., 1999, AMOS 4.0 user's guide.
Taylor G. J., 2000, The handbook of emotional intelligence., 263
10.1037/0022-006X.51.5.730 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Twenty-five years with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109940 · Cited by 334
The alexithymia, emotion regulation, emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative affects, and suicidal risk in alcohol-dependent outpatients
Ghorbani, F., Khosravani, V., Sharifi Bastan, F., & Jamaati Ardakani, R. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.005 · Cited by 124
Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
Faramarzi, M., & Salmalian, H. (2014) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.16307 · Cited by 103
“A validated version of the TAS-20 for Iranian population was used in this research (31).”
Method
The Structure of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): A Meta-Analytic Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Schroeders, U., Kubera, F., & Gnambs, T. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911211033894 · Cited by 76
“The originally intended three-dimensional structure by Bagby et al. (1994; Model 3a) has been replicated in many studies (Besharat, 2007b; Joukamaa et al., 2001; Meganck et al., 2008; Parker et al., 2003; Parker et al., 2005), although the criteria used to evaluate model fit were sometimes…”
Background
Role of Alexithymia, Anxiety, and Depression in Predicting Self-Efficacy in Academic Students
Faramarzi, M., & Khafri, S. (2017) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2017/5798372 · Cited by 66
“A validated Persian version of the TAS-20 was used in this study [26].”
Method
Relationship of alexithymia with coping styles and interpersonal problems
Beshārat, M. A. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.152 · Cited by 61
A randomized controlled trial of brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy in patients with functional dyspepsia
Faramarzi, M., Azadfallah, P., Book, H. E., Tabatabaei, S. K. R., Taheri, H., & Shokri‐Shirvani, J. (2013) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2012.12.012 · Cited by 64
“A valid Persian version of the TAS-20 was used in this study (Besharat, 2007).”
Method
What is the relationship between alexithymia and ego defense styles? A correlational study with Iranian students
Beshārat, M. A., & Shahidi, S. (2011) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2011.05.011 · Cited by 56
Validation of a Greek adaptation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale
Tsaousis, I., Taylor, G. J., Quilty, L. C., Georgiades, S., Stavrogiannopoulos, M., & Bagby, R. M. (2009) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.005 · Cited by 54
Stress, Depression, Sexual Function, and Alexithymia in Infertile Females with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.
Basirat, Z., Faramarzi, M., Esmaeilzadeh, S., Abedi, S., Mahouti, T., & Geraili, Z. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22074/ijfs.2019.5703 · Cited by 56
“Depression symptoms (0-63), Minimum (0-13), mild (14-19), moderate (20-28), severe (29-63).”
BackgroundInfluential
The relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia: Mediating role of defense mechanisms
Beshārat, M. A., & Khajavi, Z. (2013) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.09.003 · Cited by 51
“Adequate psychometric properties of the scale have yielded results for Iranian populations (Besharat, 2007b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Keeping culture in mind: A systematic review and initial conceptualization of mentalizing from a cross-cultural perspective.
Aival‐Naveh, E., Rothschild‐Yakar, L., & Kurman, J. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12300 · Cited by 100
Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology
Khosravi, M. (2020) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00314-3 · Cited by 46
Assessment of the Alexithymia Construct
Sekely, A. W., Bagby, R. M., & Porcelli, P. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108241595.004 · Cited by 45
Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Alexithymia
Beshārat, M. A., & Shahidi, V. (2014) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v10i2.671 · Cited by 45
“Research findings (Besharat, 2007; Mikulincer & Florian, 2001) have shown that people with secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles apply different strategies to regulate emotions and processing emotional information.”
Background
Alexithymia among Perpetrators of Violent Offences in Australia: Implications for Rehabilitation
Strickland, J., Parry, C. L., Allan, M. M., & Allan, A. (2016) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12187 · Cited by 40
“Test–retest reliability for the overall scale is reported as generally good, with coefficient alphas ranging from 232 Australian Psychologist 52 (2017) 230–237 © 2016 The Australian Psychological Society .74 to .87 (Besharat, 2007; Kooiman, Spinhoven, & Trijsburg, 2002).”
Method
Engagement in dance is associated with emotional competence in interplay with others
Horwitz, E. B., Lennartsson, A.-K., Theorell, T., & Ullén, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01096 · Cited by 39
The Big Five personality dimensions and mental health: The mediating role of alexithymia
Atari, M., & Yaghoubirad, M. (2016) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.08.008 · Cited by 39
Examination and Comparison of Alexithymia and Self-Regulation in Patients with Substance Abuse Disorder and Normal Individuals
Ghalehban, M., & Beshārat, M. A. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.008 · Cited by 38
The relationship between alexithymia and symptom dimensions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Khosravani, V., Ardestani, S. M. S., Bastan, F. S., & Kamali, Z. (2017) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.04.001 · Cited by 37
Cross-validation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Results from an Arabic multicenter study
Abiddine, F. Z. E., Dave, H. P., Aldhafri, S., El‐Astal, S., Hemaid, F., & Parker, J. D. A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.017 · Cited by 36
The effects of childhood emotional maltreatment and alexithymia on depressive and manic symptoms and suicidal ideation in females with bipolar disorder: emotion dysregulation as a mediator
Khosravani, V., Berk, M., Bastan, F. S., Ardestani, S. M. S., & Wrobel, A. L. (2021) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1879867 · Cited by 32
The Cultural Shaping of Alexithymia
Ryder, A. G., Sunohara, M., Dere, J., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108241595.005 · Cited by 30
“Intriguingly, Besharat (2007) has described how Iranian cultural contexts promote more emotional control in women than in men, and found that Iranian women tend to report higher EOT scores.”
BackgroundInfluential
Alexithymia and interpersonal problems
Zarei, J., & Beshārat, M. A. (2010) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.153 · Cited by 30
“All participants were asked to complete Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Assessing Reliability and Validity of the Farsi Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a Sample of Substance-Using Patients
Beshārat, M. A. (2008) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.102.1.259-270 · Cited by 28
The mediating role of alexithymia in the association between attachment styles and borderline personality symptomatology
Khosravi, M. (2020) · Health Psychology Research · doi:10.4081/hpr.2020.8894 · Cited by 26
“These findings were consistent with the studies conducted by Besharat and Khajavi (2013), Lánge (2010), and Thorberg et al. (2011). Though different probabilities can be presented to explain these results, these relationships seemed to originate from the earlier stages of life (Oskis et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The mediating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between alexithymia and physical symptoms: Evidence from Iranian asthmatic patients
Ghorbani, F., Khosravani, V., Ardakani, R. J., Alvani, A., & Akbari, H. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.015 · Cited by 25
The Therapeutic Effect of Adding Emotional Awareness Training to Standard Medical Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Farnam, A., Somi, M. H., Farhang, S., Mahdavi, N., & Beshārat, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000442934.38704.3a · Cited by 25
Psychological Treatments for Alexithymia: A Systematic Review
Tsubaki, K., & Shimizu, E. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14121173 · Cited by 24
“Secondly, the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) has been validated and widely used in Iranian studies [64].”
Untitled work
(2008) · Iranian journal of medical sciences · Cited by 24
Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ): Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation and Exploration of Its Mediating Role in the Relationship between Attachment to Parents and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents
Mousavi, P. S. S., Vahidi, E., Ghanbari, S., Khoshroo, S., & Sakkaki, S. Z. (2021) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2021.1945721 · Cited by 28
“Besharat (2007), examined the Persian version of the TAS with a sample of 587 Iranian undergraduate students and provided evidence for the internal consistency of TAS-DIF (alpha value = 0.82) and test-retest reliability (test-retest correlation coefficient = 0.85), and concurrent validity through…”
BackgroundInfluential
Factors that affect levels of alexithymia, empathy and communication skills of nursing students in northern Iran
Sharafkhani, R., Nukpezah, R. N., Lathabhavan, R., Källmén, H., Fournier, A., & Marznaki, Z. H. (2023) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1652 · Cited by 23
“The Iranian version of this scale was prepared by Besharat (2007), and is a good scale.”
BackgroundMethod
Alexithymia in different dermatologic patients
Dehghani, F., Dehghani, F., Kafaie, P., & Taghizadeh, M. R. (2016) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.011 · Cited by 23
“The psychometric properties of Iranian version of the TAS-20 have proven to be satisfactory (Besharat, 2007).”
The alexithymia, cognitive emotion regulation, and physical symptoms in Iranian asthmatic patients
Khosravani, V., Alvani, A., Sharifi Bastan, F., Jamaati Ardakani, R., & Akbari, H. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.364 · Cited by 22
Creative Artistic Achievement Is Related to Lower Levels of Alexithymia
Lennartsson, A.-K., Horwitz, E. B., Theorell, T., & Ullén, F. (2017) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2017.1263507 · Cited by 21
“A study of almost 600 Iranian undergraduate students also confirmed the three-factor structure (Besharat, 2007).”
Background
Alexithymia, empathy, negative affect and physical symptoms in patients with asthma
Khosravani, V., Ardestani, S. M. S., Alvani, A., & Amirinezhad, A. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2458 · Cited by 18
The role of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in improving attachment patterns, defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with depressive/anxiety disorders.
Khademi, M., Hajiahmadi, M., & Faramarzi, M. (2019) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0144 · Cited by 14
The relation of alexithymia and attachment with type 1 diabetes management in adolescents: a gender-specific analysis
Shayeghian, Z., Moeineslam, M., Hajati, E., Karimi, M., Amirshekari, G., & Amiri, P. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00396-3 · Cited by 15
Objective and Subjective Measurement of Alexithymia in Adults with Autism
Ryan, C., Cogan, S., Phillips, A., & O’Connor, L. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04665-3 · Cited by 16
“1999), with the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Besharat 2007; Onur et al.”
Method
Psychological factors in patients with peptic ulcerand functional dyspepsia.
Faramarzi, M., Kheirkhah, F., Shokri‐Shirvani, J., Mosavi, S., & Zarini, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 15
Alexithymia influences craving through facets of emotion regulation in alcoholic patients
Khosravani, V., Bastan, F. S., Avatefi, B., & Mofidi, F. (2017) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2017.1333163 · Cited by 14
“Farsi Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20; Besharat, 2007, 2008): The FTAS-20 is a Persian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994).”
Method
Emotional Intelligence, Alexithymia, and Interpersonal Problems
Ghiabi, B., & Beshārat, M. A. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.020 · Cited by 15
Predicting the Social-Emotional Competence Based on Childhood Trauma, Internalized Shame, Disability/Shame Scheme, Cognitive Flexibility, Distress Tolerance and Alexithymia in an Iranian Sample Using Bayesian Regression
Farahani, H., Azadfallah, P., Watson, P., Qaderi, K., Pasha, A., Dirmina, F., Esrafilian, F., Koulaie, B., Fayazi, N., Sepehrnia, N., et al. (2022) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00501-1 · Cited by 19
“Cronbach's alpha of this scale was 0.85 in the Iranian sample for the whole scale and 0.82, 0.75, and 0.72 for the above subscales, respectively (Besharat, 2007).”
Influential
Psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in Brazil
Colombarolli, M. S., Zuanazzi, A. C., Miguel, F. K., & Giromini, L. (2019) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461519847312 · Cited by 15
“Cross-cultural studies on the TAS-20 have been conducted in many different countries, such as Finland (Säkkinen, Kaltiala-Heino, Ranta, Haataja, & Joukamaa, 2007), France (Loas, Parker, Otmani, Verrier, & Fremaux, 1997), Germany (Bach, Bach, de Zwaan, Serim, & Böhmer, 1996), Greece (Tsaousis et al., 2010), Italy (Br…”
MethodInfluential
Comparing Sensory Information Processing and Alexithymia between People with Substance Dependency and Normal.
Bashapoor, S., Hosseini-Kiasari, S. T., Daneshvar, S., & Kazemi-Taskooh, Z. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 13
Formulating a model for the relationship between alexithymia, social support, loneliness, and marital satisfaction: Path analysis model
Hoseinzadeh, A., Panahi, M., Razaghpour, M., & Hosieni, N. (2018) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_3_18 · Cited by 13
“[47,48] Based on a study conducted by Besharat,[49] the Cronbach alpha coefficient of overall alexithymia and three sub‐scales of difficulty in identifying emotion, difficulty in describing emotions, and orienting external thinking turned out to be 0.”
MethodInfluential
Development and construct validation of a short form of the interpersonal reactivity index in Iranian community
Golbabaei, S., Barati, M., Haromi, M. E., Ghazazani, N., & Borhani, K. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02716-9 · Cited by 11
“Acceptable Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability was reported for the Farsi version of TAS-20 (Besharat, 2007).”
Method
Mediating role of alexithymia in relationship between cyberbullying and psychotic experiences in adolescents
Movahedi, N., Hosseinian, S., Rezaeian, H., & Nooripour, R. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01960-x · Cited by 12
“Cronbach’s alpha for this questionnaire was reported by Bagby et al. as 0.85, and in Iran Besharat reported it as 0.85 [28] and good fitness (CFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.05); Cronbach’s alpha of this questionnaire was calculated as 0.92 in this study and (CFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.90, RMSEA =…”
MethodInfluential
Metacognition Beliefs and General Health in Predicting Alexithymia in Students
Babaei, S., Varandi, S. R., Hatami, Z., & Gharechahi, M. (2015) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n2p117 · Cited by 14
“The questions are based on the 5-point Likert scale ranging from completely agree =1 to completely disagree =5 (Besharat, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Psychological Predictors of Premenstrual Syndrome
Faramarzi, M., Kheirkhah, F., & Azadfrouz, S. (2014) · International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · doi:10.9734/indj/2014/12638 · Cited by 12
Alternation in functional connectivity within default mode network after psychodynamic psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder
Amiri, S., Mirfazeli, F. S., Grafman, J. H., Mohammadsadeghi, H., Eftekhar, M., Karimzad, N., Mohebbi, M., & Nohesara, S. (2023) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-023-00449-y · Cited by 11
Assessing Reliability and Validity of Farsi Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in a Sample of Opioid Substance Use Disordered Patients
Pourhosein, R., Rostami, R., Beshārat, M. A., & Mirzamani, M. (2006) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 11
Designing and Testing a Model of Some Precedents and Outcomes of Borderline Personality Disorder in High School Students of Shiraz
Sajadi, S. F., Zargar, Y., Honarmand, M. M., & Arshadi, N. (2015) · International Journal of School Health · doi:10.17795/intjsh-26742 · Cited by 8
“72 for DIF, DEF and EOT, respectively (33).”
Background
The Big Five Personality Traits and Dispositional Mindfulness as Predictors of Alexithymia in College Students.
Heshmati, R., & Pellerone, M. (2019) · PubMed Central · Cited by 10
Impaired complex theory of mind and low emotional self-awareness in outpatients with borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls: A cross-sectional study
Pourmohammad, P., Imani, M., Goodarzi, M. A., & Sarafraz, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.009 · Cited by 11
The Moderating Role of Positive and Negative Affects on the Relationship Between Alexithymia and Experience of Pain in Chronic Pain Patients
Tooyserkani, M. A., Beshārat, M. A., & Koochi, S. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.030 · Cited by 9
Study of Defensive Methods and Mechanisms in Developmental, Emotional (Internalization), and Disruptive Behavior (Externalization) Disorders
Jamilian, H., Zamani, N., Darvishi, M. S., & Khansari, M. R. (2014) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v6n7p109 · Cited by 9
“Assumption that base researching findings has highly confirmed (Besharat, 2007a).”
Background
The relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia: Mediating role of self-regulation
Beshārat, M. A., & Rizi, M. M. S. (2014) · International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology · doi:10.5861/ijrsp.2014.839 · Cited by 9
“1080/13546800500368607 Besharat, M. A. (2007). Reliability and factorial validity of Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a sample of Iranian students.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Investigation of the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in patients with psychiatric disorders
Khosravani, V., Najafi, M., Naragon‐Gainey, K., & Mohammadzadeh, A. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00329-3 · Cited by 9
Comparison of Alexithymia in Athlete and Non-Athlete Students
Jodat, H., Education Office, M., Ghasempour, A., & Tavakoli, A. (2015) · Annals of Applied Sport Science · doi:10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.3.3.17 · Cited by 9
“The FTAS-20 is a Farsi version of The Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS-20; (15)] validated for the Iranian population (16).”
BackgroundMethod
Effectiveness of Group Psycho Educational Training of Emotional Intelligence on Alexithymia and General Health in Iranian Students
Hatamzadeh, A., Molaie, A., & Shahidi, S. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.232 · Cited by 8
Life satisfaction of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: The predictive role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia
Hashemi, Z., Eyni, S., & Ebadi, M. (2021) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2021.02.007 · Cited by 8
The role of psychiatric symptoms, alexithymia, and maladaptive defenses in patients with functional dyspepsia
Shokri‐Shirvani, J., Kheirkhah, F., & Faramarzi, M. (2012) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/0019-5359.110865 · Cited by 8
Metacognition and Body Image in Predicting Alexithymia in Substance Abusers
Babaei, S., Gharechahi, M., Hatami, Z., & Varandi, S. R. (2015) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.25775 · Cited by 9
“(13), Besharat (31), Hoffman and Spatariu (15), and Bagby et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
A Comparison of Type II Diabetic Patients With Healthy People: Coping Strategies, Hardiness, and Occupational Life Quality
Karimi, S., Jaafari, A., Ghamari, M., Esfandiary, M., Mazandarani, F. S., Daneshvar, S., & Ajami, M. (2016) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.24169 · Cited by 8
Post-stroke alexithymia – a review
Leszczyński, P., Pietras, T., & Mokros, Ł. (2021) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2021.110679 · Cited by 7
“and gender role socialisation [12, 13] or some other fac-”
Background
Explainable Multilayer Perceptron Classification Model for Detecting the Internalized Shame-Based on Childhood Trauma, Social-Emotional Competence, Cognitive Flexibility, Distress Tolerance, Alexithymia, and Age
Farahani, H., Watson, P., Movasagh, L., Blagojević, M., Sheykhangafshe, F. B., Allahyari, A., Azadfallah, P., Paydar, N. R., & Sepehrinia, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54585-6_2 · Cited by 5
Prediction of Self-Injury Behavior in Men with Borderline Personality Disorder Based on Their Symptoms of Borderline Personality and Alexithymia
Mojahed, A., Rajabi, M., Khanjani, S., & Basharpoor, S. (2018) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.67693 · Cited by 7
The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Alexithymia and Severity of Pain in Chronic Pain Patients
Mirjalili, R. S., Beshārat, M. A., & Koochi, S. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.029 · Cited by 8
Memento Mori: the influence of personality and individual differences on aesthetic appreciation of death-related artworks by Damien Hirst
Mohammadi-Zarghan, S., & Afhami, R. (2019) · Mortality · doi:10.1080/13576275.2019.1567483 · Cited by 6
“Besharat (2007) validated the measure in Iran and reported satisfactory psychometric properties.”
Method
Role of Difficulties in Emotional Regulation and Alexithymia in Prediction of Bullying
Shabahang, R., Sedighian, S. F., Nezhad, A. R. G., & Shal, R. S. (2019) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.29252/jcmh.6.3.5 · Cited by 7
Alexithymia and Personality Factors Among Students With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Karbasdehi, E. R., Abolghasemi, A., & Karbasdehi, F. R. (2018) · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.29252/nrip.irj.16.1.77 · Cited by 6
“All three TAS-20 subscales were also significantly correlated with the Emotional Intelligence Scale-41 (EIS-41) and Mental Health Inventory (MHI) scores [27].”
Predicting the Intensity of Pain in Patients With Chronic Pain Based on Alexithymia: The Mediating Role of the Behavioral Inhibition System
Pahlevan, M., Beshārat, M. A., Borjali, A., & Farahani, H. (2019) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.25.1.56 · Cited by 6
The role of alexithymia and mindfulness in predicting depression and anxiety in women with cancer
Narimani‎, M., Jani, S., & Rezaei, R. (2020) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.52547/shenakht.7.1.78 · Cited by 6
Relationships between alexithymia and Machiavellian personality beliefs among university students
Sheikhi, S., Issazadegan, A., Norozy, M., & Saboory, E. (2015) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2015.1072128 · Cited by 6
“In its Persian version, Cronbach’s alpha was .85 and three subscales of difficulty in identification of feelings, difficulty in description of feelings, and concentrated thinking were estimated as .82, .75, and .72, respectively (Besharat, 2007).”
Personality traits and alexithymia: A closer look at university students in a cross-sectional study
Rahimi, M., Zarimeidani, F., Bahreini, H. S., Rahmati, R., & Shahraki, H. R. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041765 · Cited by 5
“[21] Throughout the last few decades, the 5-factor model has been used to assess personality structure, which comprises agreeable-ness (A), conscientiousness (C), neuroticism (N), the propensity to feel negative emotions, and psychological distress in response to stressors; extraversion (E), the…”
Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy on Depression and Alexithymia in Women Applying for a Divorce
Khalili, D., Khalili, N., & Jafari, E. (2022) · Depression Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2022/8446611 · Cited by 5
“Assessing the scale’s applicability for the Iranian community, [43] reported the Iranian sample’s validity as 0.”
Background
Beyond sleepless nights: Unraveling the complexity of alexithymia and suicide risk among university students
Daghigh, A. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.3476 · Cited by 5
“ThisscalehasbeenvalidatedinPersiansamples (Besharat, 2007).”
Predicting alexithymia in adolescents based on early trauma and attitudes toward father and mother
Sajadi, S. F., Mahnaz, M. H., Zargar, Y., Arshadi, N., & Forough, S. S. (2015) · Cited by 5
Perceived Parental Styles and Alexithymia in Adult Iranian Migraine Patients: The Mediating Role of Emotional Schemas
Kalantar‐Hormozi, B., Tavoli, A., & Abdollahi, A. (2022) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2022.2051421 · Cited by 5
“The Farsi version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20) (Besharat, 2007) was used to measure alexithymia in the participants.”
BackgroundMethod
Emotion Dysregulation and Alexithymia within Marital Burnout through an Emotion-Focused Therapy Lens
Zamani, S., Hasani, J., Hatami, M., & Tadros, E. (2023) · Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/15332691.2023.2165206 · Cited by 5
“We have used the twenty items validated Persian version (Besharat, 2007) of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale developed by Bagby and colleagues (1994).”
Method
Excessive Self-Focused Attention and Defensiveness among Psychiatric Patients: A Vicious Cycle?
Höping, W., de Jong‐Meyer, R., & Abrams, D. (2006) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.98.2.307-317 · Cited by 5
Prediction of Alexithymia on the Basis of Attachment Style and Early Maladaptive Schemas in University Students
Farhad, G. S. A., Abdolmohamadi, K., & Jalil, B. (2015) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · Cited by 5
Sleep quality and child abuse: the mediating role of alexithymia
Bakhshesh-Boroujeni, M., Niri, S. F., & Karimi, A. R. (2021) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2021.1958498 · Cited by 4
Nearsighted empathy: exploring the effect of empathy on distance perception, with eye movements as modulators
Golbabaei, S., & Borhani, K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-76731-0 · Cited by 4
“As a proxy for difficulty in identifying and describing emotions, the Alexithymia score was measured using the validated Farsi version of TAS 144 .”
MethodInfluential
Explanation of Alexithymia in Terms of Personality Dimensions in a Sample of General Population
Yekta, M., Beshārat, M. A., & Roknoldini, E. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.026 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Training on Alexithymia of Male Students
راد, ب. ک., Zargar, Y., & Honarmand, M. M. (2014) · Jentashapir Journal of Health Research · doi:10.17795/jjhr-23220 · Cited by 5
Moderating Role of Alexithymia in Relationship Between Perceived Social Support, Diabetes-Related Quality of Life, and Glycated Hemoglobin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Shayeghian, Z., Amiri, P., Hajati, E., & Gharibzadeh, S. (2020) · Journal of Research and Health · doi:10.32598/jrh.10.1.27 · Cited by 4
The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Defense Mechanisms and Tendency to High-risk Behaviors Among Adolescents
Nikmanesh, Z., Molla, M. D., & Mehranfard, M. (2021) · Journal of Research and Health · doi:10.32598/jrh.11.1.363.6 · Cited by 4
A hypothetical model of pain perception in patients with chronic pain: The predictive role of unconscious, emotional, behavioral and meta-cognitive factors
Pahlevan, M., Beshārat, M. A., Borjali, A., & Farahani, H. (2019) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2019.08.015 · Cited by 4
“Concurrent validity of the TAS-20 according to the correlation between the subscales of this test and the tests of emotional intelligence, psychological well-being, and psychological distress, was reviewed and approved.”
MethodResultInfluential
The Structure of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): A Meta-Analytic Confirmatory Factor AnalysisPreprint
Schroeders, U., Kubera, F. R., & Gnambs, T. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/s7eny · Cited by 4
The Moderating Role of Attachment Styles on the Relationship between Alexithymia and Interpersonal Problems in an Iranian Population
Beshārat, M. A., & Shahidi, V. (2013) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v5n4p60 · Cited by 3
“Adequate psychometric properties of the FTAS-20 have reported for Iranian populations (Besharat, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Predicting Depression and Anxiety in Vitiligo Patients by Considering Forgiveness, Perfectionism, Anger, and Alexithymia
Mousavi, S. G., Kebria, A. S., Hosseinnataj, A., & Lolaty, H. Â. (2024) · Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences · doi:10.5812/jnms-146256 · Cited by 3
Investigating alexithymia, empathy, and resilience in medical students during pandemic era: a cross-sectional study in northern Iran
Elyasi, F., Amirsoleimani, Y., Hamzehpour, R., Moosazadeh, M., Zarghami, M., Vajdi, M., Alamouti, E. M., & Arimi, F. A. (2024) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-024-00887-9 · Cited by 3
“This scale had further reached appropriate validity and reliability to measure empathy to patients in the Persian-speaking community, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient had been reported as 0.83 [32, 34].”
Influential
Relationship between alexithymia and interpersonal problems: Moderating effect of attachment styles
Beshārat, M. A., Ofoghi, Z., Habibnezhad, M., & Sabet, S. S. A. (2014) · Cited by 3
Evaluating the Components of Alexithymia in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Bozorg, M., Rahimi, C., & Mohammadi, N. (2021) · International Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.34172/icnj.2021.35 · Cited by 3
The Relationship between Trauma and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Fear of Happiness and Alexithymia
Soleimani, A. A., Lashkari, A., & Torabi, Y. (2021) · Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.52547/rbs.19.1.116 · Cited by 3
The Mediating Roles of Self-compassion and Emotion Regulation in the Relationship among Alexithymia, Gambling Frequency, Risky Decision-Making, and Gambling Severity in Online Gamblers
Moheban, F., Davoudi, M., & Tamrchi, S. (2023) · Addiction and Health · doi:10.34172/ahj.2023.1352 · Cited by 3
The Effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategies of SQP4R on Decreasing Impulsiveness of Students with Mathematic learning Disability
Mohaddes, G. P., Pour, E. S., Jahangiri, Z., & Talebi, G. (2016) · Cited by 3
The Effect of Social Skills Training on Subjective Well-being, Alexithymia, and Social Competence in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Hesari, N. K. Z., Hoveizeh, Z., Yousefabad, S. E. M., Hoseini, T., & Jahromi, S. B. (2019) · Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health · doi:10.29252/jcmh.6.3.13 · Cited by 3

Authors: Besharat, M. A.
Affiliations: University of Tehran, Iran
Venue: Psychological Reports
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2007-08
Volume: 101
Issue: 1
Pages: 209-220
ISSN: 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
1558-691X
DOI: 10.2466/pr0.101.1.209-220
OpenAlex: W2073340290
Cited by: 166
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 1.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Persian translation, alexithymia, psychometric properties, factorial validity, cross-cultural adaptation, emotional intelligence, mental health, university students, Iranian students
MeSH terms: Adult, Affective Symptoms, Canada, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Iran, Language, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Reliability and Factorial Validity of a Farsi. Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a Sample of Iranian Students

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks