Barriers to immunization among children of migrant workers from Myanmar living in Tak province, Thailand.
Open accessAbstract
PROBLEM: Immunization is a cost-effective means of improving child survival but implementation of programmes in low- and middle-income countries is variable. Children of migrants are less likely to be immunized. APPROACH: The qualitative study aimed to identify barriers to the successful implementation of migrant immunization programmes in Tak province, Thailand. We ran a total of 53 focus groups involving 371 participants in three sites. LOCAL SETTING: Tak province in Thailand borders Myanmar and has an estimated 200,000 migrants from Myanmar. Vaccine-preventable diseases are a documented cause of morbidity in this population but there is no systematic or coordinated immunization programme in the area. RELEVANT CHANGES: As a result of the findings, the subsequent immunization campaign targeted children in school to overcome those barriers of distance to immunization services, fear of arrest, not remembering immunization appointments, and the disruption of parental work. The campaigns also included immunization education for both parents and teachers. LESSONS LEARNT: Migrant parents identified similar barriers to accessing childhood immunization programmes as migrant populations elsewhere in the world, although a unique barrier identified by parents from Myanmar was "fear of arrest". The subsequent school-based strategy to overcome these barriers appears to be effective.
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Qualitative work from two studies in Tak province revealed that travel cost to the clinics, inability to miss work, and fear of arrest were key reasons for missed vaccination for children.
“Qualitative work from two studies in Tak province revealed that travel cost to the clinics, inability to miss work, and fear of arrest were key reasons for missed vaccination for children [13, 22].”
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Cites
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Malaria ecology along the Thailand-Myanmar border.
Parker, D. M., Carrara, V. I., Pukrittayakamee, S., McGready, R., & Nosten, F. H. (2015) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0921-y · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunization Coverage in Migrant School Children Along the Thailand-Myanmar Border
Kaji, A., Parker, D. M., Chu, C. S., Thayatkawin, W., Suelaor, J., Charatrueangrongkun, R., Salathibuppha, K., Nosten, F. H., & McGready, R. (2016) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-015-0294-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
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Gilder, M. E., Pateekhum, C., Hashmi, A., Aramrat, C., Aung, K. K., Miket, W., Chu, C. S., Win, D., Bierhoff, M., Wiwattanacharoen, W., et al. (2022) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Canavati, S., Plugge, E., Suwanjatuporn, S., Sombatrungjaroen, S., & Nosten, F.
- Affiliations
- Mahidol University (TH)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Churchill Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Publisher
- WHO Press
- Published
- 2011-05-20
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 528-531
- ISSN
- 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3127266
- OpenAlex
- W2165513163
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oxford
- European Commission
- Mahidol University
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Identity, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- childhood immunization, barriers to vaccination, migrant children, Myanmar migrants, vaccine-preventable diseases, fear of arrest, access to immunization services, immunization education, Tak Province
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Myanmar, Child, Preschool, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Thailand, Transients and Migrants, Focus Groups, Immunization Programs
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