Glycine betaine biosynthesis in saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) under salinity stress
Open accessAbstract
Soil salinity and drought severely affect all aspects of plant physiology, leading to significant losses of crop productivity and native biodiversity. A key to sustainable land use in such areas is to cultivate well-adapted native plants that are also commercially important and have the appropriate gene pool. Glycine betaine (GB) is an osmoprotectant that imparts salt and drought tolerance to some plants. It is also shown separately to provide significant health benefits to animals and humans. We investigated whether Australian saltbushes, which are extremely salt and drought tolerant and also impart health benefits to grazing animals, may have the genetic basis for GB biosynthesis, explaining the two different observations. Complementary DNAs encoding the two key enzymes of the plant GB biosynthesis pathway, choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), were identified and analysed from Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex semibaccata. The sequences showed the putative CMO proteins exhibited all functionally important features including the Reiske-type cluster (2Fe-2S) and mononuclear non-heme Fe cluster, and the putative BADHs exhibited conservation of active site residues. The expression of both genes was found to be significantly up-regulated in leaf tissues under salt stress. The leaf tissues also showed accumulation of very high levels of GB, at 29.69 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. nummularia and 42.68 mmol/kg fresh weight for A. semibaccata, which is several times higher than in cereal crops. The results demonstrate a strong potential of cultivation of saltbushes for re-vegetation and as a perennial fodder in salinity and drought-affected areas.
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Several studies have shown that biochars improve crop productivity under normal conditions and also improve crop yield under adverse conditions such as salinity, drought and heavy metals.
“Several studies in last decades have shown that biochars not only improve crop productivity under normal conditions, but also improve crop yield under the adverse conditions such as salinity, drought and heavy metals (Haider et al., 2015;Joseph et al., 2013;Park et al., 2011;Pressler et al., 2017).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Joseph et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Joseph, S., Murphy, D., & Bhave, M.
- Affiliations
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bhave, Mrinal
- Venue
- Biologia
- Published
- 2013-08-31
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 879-895
- ISSN
- 0006-3088 (ISSN-L)
- 1336-9563
- OpenAlex
- W2041647256
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- glycine betaine biosynthesis, Atriplex, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex semibaccata, salt stress, drought tolerance, osmoprotectants, choline monooxygenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, gene expression, [2Fe-2S] cluster, revegetation, native plants
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