Cited by 394Thermoregulation and physiological responsesClimate Change and Health ImpactsOccupational Health and Safety in Workplaces

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Calculating Workplace WBGT from Meteorological Data: A Tool for Climate Change Assessment

Open access

LEMKE, Bruno, KJELLSTROM, Tord·2012·Industrial Health

DOI 10.2486/indhealth.ms1352

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The WBGT heat stress index has been well tested under a variety of climatic conditions and quantitative links have been established between WBGT and the work-rest cycles needed to prevent heat stress effects at the workplace. While there are more specific methods based on individual physiological measurements to determine heat strain in an individual worker, the WBGT index is used in international and national standards to specify workplace heat stress risks. In order to assess time trends of occupational heat exposure at population level, weather station records or climate modelling are the most widely available data sources. The prescribed method to measure WBGT requires special equipment which is not used at weather stations. We compared published methods to calculate outdoor and indoor WBGT from standard climate data, such as air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and solar radiation. Specific criteria for recommending a method were developed and original measurements were used to evaluate the different methods. We recommend the method of Liljegren et al. (2008) for calculating outdoor WBGT and the method by Bernard et al. (1999) for indoor WBGT when estimating climate change impacts on occupational heat stress at a population level.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2486/indhealth.ms1352

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M. C., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., Miller, H. L., & Chen, Z. (2007) · Cited by 23,398
Untitled work
(2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,612
Summary for Policymakers
Barker, T. J., Bashmakov, I., Bernstein, L., Bogner, J. R., Bosch, P. C., Dave, R., Davidson, O., Fisher, B. S., Grubb, M. J., Gupta, S. K., et al. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 9,160
THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Shine, K. P. (1990) · Weather · doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05660.x · Cited by 5,458
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407
The use of the multi-model ensemble in probabilistic climate projections
Tebaldi, C., & Knutti, R. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2076 · Cited by 1,862
Workplace heat stress, health and productivity – an increasing challenge for low and middle-income countries during climate change
Kjellstrom, T., Holmer, I., & Lemke, B. (2009) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.2047 · Cited by 802
Self-citation
Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT)—its history and its limitations
Budd, G. M. (2008) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2007.07.003 · Cited by 783
Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions
Fiala, D., Lomas, K. J., & Stohrer, M. (2001) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s004840100099 · Cited by 754
Simplified clear sky model for direct and diffuse insolation on horizontal surfaces
Bird, R. E., & Hulstrom, R. L. (1981) · doi:10.2172/6510849 · Cited by 597

Show all 35 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

25) Hardcastle S, Butler K (2008) A comparison of globe, wet and dry temperature and humidity measuring devices available for heat stress assessment. 12th US/North American Mine Ventilation Symposium, Wallace (Ed.).
30) Tonouchi M, Murayama K, Ono M (2006) WBGT forecast for prevention of heat stroke in Japan. Sixth Symposium on the Urban Environment. AMS Forum: Managing our Physical and Natural Resources: Successes and Challenges JP1.1.
41) Zhang Q, Huang J, Siwei L (2001) Development of Chinese weather data for building energy calculations. Proc. 4th Inter Conf on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings. 1211, Changsha, Hunan.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 394

Reductions in Labor Capacity from Intensified Heat Stress in China under Future Climate Change
Liu, X. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041278 · Cited by 39
Diverse Effects of Thermal Conditions on Performance of Marathon Runners
Gasparetto, T. M., & Nesseler, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01438 · Cited by 33
Global Economic Responses to Heat Stress Impacts on Worker Productivity in Crop Production
Orlov, A., Daloz, A., Sillmann, J., Thiery, W., Douzal, C., Lejeune, Q., & Schleussner, C. (2021) · Economics of Disasters and Climate Change · doi:10.1007/s41885-021-00091-6 · Cited by 35
Analyzing occupational heat stress using sensor-based monitoring: a wearable approach with environmental ergonomics perspective
Sharma, M., Suri, N. M., & Kant, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-021-03862-6 · Cited by 34
Substantial increase in human-perceived heatwaves in eastern China in a warmer future
Zhang, J., You, Q., Ren, G., & Ullah, S. (2022) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106554 · Cited by 34
Analisis Tingkat Kenyamanan Di DKI Jakarta Berdasarkan Indeks THI (Temperature Humidity Index)
Wati, T., & Fatkhuroyan, F. (2017) · Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan · doi:10.14710/jil.15.1.57-63 · Cited by 34
Extreme Heat Considerations in International Football Venues: The Utility of Climatologic Data in Decision Making
Hosokawa, Y., Grundstein, A., & Casa, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-361-17 · Cited by 34
Winter performance, occupants’ comfort and cold stress in prefabricated timber buildings
Adekunle, T. O., & Nikolopoulou, M. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.019 · Cited by 35
Is There a Need to Integrate Human Thermal Models with Weather Forecasts to Predict Thermal Stress?
Petersson, J., Kuklane, K., & Gao, C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16224586 · Cited by 34
Globe Temperature and Its Measurement: Requirements and Limitations
Oliveira, A. V. M., Raimundo, A. M., Gaspar, A. R., & Quintela, D. A. (2019) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxz042 · Cited by 33
Heat Stress in Underground Mines and its Control Measures: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Analysis
Roy, S., Mishra, D. P., Bhattacharjee, R. M., & Agrawal, H. (2022) · Mining Metallurgy & Exploration · doi:10.1007/s42461-021-00532-6 · Cited by 32
Heat-related risk at Paris 2024: a proposal for classification and review of International Federations policies
Bandiera, D., Racinais, S., Garrandes, F., Adami, P. E., Bermon, S., Pitsiladis, Y. P., & Tessitore, A. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108310 · Cited by 32
Effects of occupational heat exposure on traffic police workers in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Dutta, P., Raval, A., Tiwari, A. S., Ganguly, P., Sathish, L., Mavalankar, D. V., & Hess, J. J. (2018) · Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_125_18 · Cited by 34
Spatial analysis of outdoor wet bulb globe temperature under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for 2041–2080 across a range of temperate to hot climates
Hall, A., Horta, A., Khan, M. R., & Crabbe, R. A. (2022) · Weather and Climate Extremes · doi:10.1016/j.wace.2022.100420 · Cited by 32
Influence of occupational heat stress on labour productivity–a case study from Chennai, India
Chinnadurai, J., Venugopal, V., P, K., & R, P. (2016) · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · doi:10.1108/ijppm-08-2014-0121 · Cited by 36
Heat Warnings in Switzerland: Reassessing the Choice of the Current Heat Stress Index
Burgstall, A., Casanueva, A., Kotlarski, S., & Schwierz, C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16152684 · Cited by 31
Variations in Athlete Heat-Loss Potential Between Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid Environments at Equivalent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature Thresholds
Vanos, J., & Grundstein, A. (2020) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-313-19 · Cited by 31
Social implementation and intervention with estimated morbidity of heat-related illnesses from weather data: A case study from Nagoya City, Japan
Nishimura, T., Rashed, E. A., Kodera, S., Shirakami, H., Kawaguchi, R., Watanabe, K., Nemoto, M., & Hirata, A. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103203 · Cited by 32
Empirical approach to outdoor WBGT from meteorological data and performance of two different instrument designs
BERNARD, T. E., & BARROW, C. A. (2013) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0160 · Cited by 33
Assessing the monthly changes of heat stress indices in outdoor environment during a 15-year period: Case of study in a dry and warm climate
Ghalhari, G. F., Dehghan, S. F., Shakeri, F., Ghanadzadeh, M. J., & Asghari, M. (2019) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100538 · Cited by 30
Accuracy of Mean Radiant Temperature Derived from Active and Passive Radiometry
Staiger, H., & Matzarakis, A. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11080805 · Cited by 30
The Heat Strain of Various Athletic Surfaces: A Comparison Between Observed and Modeled Wet-Bulb Globe Temperatures
Pryor, J. L., Pryor, R. R., Grundstein, A., & Casa, D. J. (2017) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.15 · Cited by 34
Environmental Heat Stress Among Young Working Women: A Pilot Study
Rahman, J., Fakhruddin, S. H. M., Rahman, A., & Halim, M. A. (2017) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2016.07.007 · Cited by 29
Body temperature, activity patterns and hunting in free‐living cheetah: biologging reveals new insights
Hetem, R. S., Mitchell, D., de Witt, B. A., Fick, L. G., Maloney, S. K., Meyer, L. C. R., & Fuller, A. (2018) · Integrative Zoology · doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12341 · Cited by 29
Tailored WBGT as a heat stress index to assess the direct solar radiation effect on indoor thermal comfort
Mirzabeigi, S., Nasr, B. K., Mainini, A. G., Cadena, J. D. B., & Lobaccaro, G. (2021) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110974 · Cited by 29
Observations and Estimates of Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature in Varied Microclimates
Clark, J., & Konrad, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · doi:10.1175/jamc-d-23-0078.1 · Cited by 28
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Recorded Occupational Injury Rates among Sugarcane Harvesters in Southwest Guatemala
Dally, M. J., Butler-Dawson, J., Sorensen, C. J., Dyke, M. V. V., James, K. A., Krisher, L. K., Jaramillo, D., & Newman, L. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218195 · Cited by 28
Worsening of Heat Stress Due To Global Warming in South Korea Based on Multi‐RCM Ensemble Projections
Im, E., Choi, Y., & Ahn, J. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2017jd026731 · Cited by 28
The economic impacts of temperature on industrial productivity: Evidence from Indian manufacturing
Sudarshan, A., & Tewari, M. (2014) · Econstor (Econstor) · Cited by 28
Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii)
Olcina, G. J., Crespo, C., Timón, R., Mjaanes, J. M., & Calleja-González, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01469 · Cited by 27
Projecting future labor losses due to heat stress in China under climate change scenarios
Cheng, L., Gu, K., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Ji, J. S., Liu, Z., Huang, J., Chen, Y., Gao, X., Xu, Y., et al. (2023) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2023.09.044 · Cited by 27
Assessing the Effect of Extreme Weather on Population Health Using Consumer-Grade Wearables in Rural Burkina Faso: Observational Panel Study
Koch, M., Matzke, I., Huhn, S., Sié, A., Boudo, V., Compaoré, G., Maggioni, M. A., Bunker, A., Bärnighausen, T., Dambach, P., et al. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/46980 · Cited by 24
Thermal comfort investigation of an outdoor air-conditioned area in a hot and arid environment
Ghani, S. A., El-Bialy, E., Bakochristou, F., Gamaledin, S. M. A., Rashwan, M., & Hughes, B. (2017) · Science and Technology for the Built Environment · doi:10.1080/23744731.2016.1267490 · Cited by 26
Widespread outdoor exposure to uncompensable heat stress with warming
Fan, Y., & McColl, K. A. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01930-6 · Cited by 25
Thermal performance and apparent temperature in school buildings: A case of cross-laminated timber (CLT) school development
Adekunle, T. O. (2020) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101731 · Cited by 26
Aerosol-modulated heat stress in the present and future climate of India
Dey, S., Choudhary, R. K., Upadhyay, A., & Dash, S. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac3530 · Cited by 25
Wet-bulb globe temperature index estimation using meteorological data from São Paulo State, Brazil
Maia, P. A., Ruas, Á. C., & Bitencourt, D. P. (2015) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0949-7 · Cited by 25
Risco de exposição à sobrecarga térmica para trabalhadores da cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Roscani, R. C., Bitencourt, D. P., Maia, P. A., & Ruas, Á. C. (2017) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00211415 · Cited by 25
Estimating Occupational Heat Exposure From Personal Sampling of Public Works Employees in Birmingham, Alabama
Wang, S., Richardson, M., Wu, C. Y. H., Cholewa, C. D., Lungu, C. T., Zaitchik, B. F., & Gohlke, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001604 · Cited by 25
Association between occupational heat stress and DNA damage in lymphocytes of workers exposed to hot working environments in a steel industry in Southern India
Venugopal, V., Krishnamoorthy, M., Venkatesan, V., Jaganathan, V., Shanmugam, R., Kanagaraj, K., & Paul, S. F. D. (2019) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2019.1632144 · Cited by 25
Excess Mortality Risk Due to Heat Stress in Different Climatic Zones of India
Choudhary, R. K., Joshi, P., Ghosh, S., Ganguly, D., Balakrishnan, K., Singh, N., Mall, R. K., Kumar, A., & Dey, S. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c05218 · Cited by 27
Evaluating heat stress and occupational risks in the Southern Himalayas under current and future climates
Yang, X., Shen, C., Ullah, I., Curio, J., & Chen, D. (2024) · npj Climate and Atmospheric Science · doi:10.1038/s41612-024-00764-5 · Cited by 24
Indoor air quality investigation of a badminton hall in humid season through objective and subjective approaches
Xie, R., Xu, Y., Yang, J., & Zhang, S. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145390 · Cited by 24
Novel multivariate quantile mapping methods for ensemble post-processing of medium-range forecasts
Whan, K., Jakob Zscheischler, A., Jordan, A. I., & Ziegel, J. F. (2021) · Weather and Climate Extremes · doi:10.1016/j.wace.2021.100310 · Cited by 24
Applications of Models and Tools for Mesoscale and Microscale Thermal Analysis in Mid-Latitude Climate Regions—A Review
Lobaccaro, G., Ridder, K. D., Acero, J. A., Hooyberghs, H., Lauwaet, D., Maiheu, B., Sharma, R., & Govehovitch, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132212385 · Cited by 24
The COMFA model for assessing courtyard thermal comfort in hot and humid regions: A comparative study with existing models
Wu, R., Fang, X., Brown, R. D., Liu, S., & Zhao, H. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110150 · Cited by 24
Comparative Study of Heat Indices in India Based on Observed and Model Simulated Data
Dash, S. K., Dey, S., Salunke, P., Dalal, M., Saraswat, V., Chowdhury, S., & Chowdhury, R. K. (2017) · Current World Environment · doi:10.12944/cwe.12.3.06 · Cited by 24
The Light and the Heat: Productivity Co-benefits of Energy-saving Technology
Adhvaryu, A. R., Kala, N., & Nyshadham, A. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24314 · Cited by 24
Extreme heat risk and the potential implications for the scheduling of football matches at the 2026 FIFA World Cup
Mullan, D. J., Barr, I. D., Brannigan, N. T., Flood, N., Gibson, O. R., Hambly, C., Kennedy-Asser, A. T., Kielt, A. C., Matthews, T. K. R., & Orr, M. (2025) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-025-02852-4 · Cited by 23
A New Method to Assess Fine-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Urban Agglomerations
Lauwaet, D., Maiheu, B., Ridder, K. D., Boënne, W., Hooyberghs, H., Demuzere, M., & Verdonck, M.-L. (2020) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli8010006 · Cited by 23
Physiological cost of concrete construction activities
Lee, W., & Migliaccio, G. C. (2016) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-10-2015-0051 · Cited by 23
What Can We Learn about Workplace Heat Stress Management from a Safety Regulator Complaints Database?
Hansen, A. L., Pisaniello, D., Varghese, B. M., Rowett, S., Hanson‐Easey, S., Bi, P., & Nitschke, M. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15030459 · Cited by 23
Genetic programming for prediction of heat stress hazard in underground coal mine environment
Roy, S., Mishra, D. P., Bhattacharjee, R. M., & Agrawal, H. (2022) · Natural Hazards · doi:10.1007/s11069-022-05478-6 · Cited by 22
Detection and regional analysis of heatwave characteristics in İstanbul
Yılmaz, M., Kara, Y., Çulpan, H. C., Can, G., & Toros, H. (2023) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104789 · Cited by 22
Prediction and comparison of monthly indoor heat stress (WBGT and PHS) for RMG production spaces in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Chowdhury, S., Hamada, Y., & Ahmed, K. S. (2016) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.11.012 · Cited by 22
Daytime urban heat stress in North America reduced by irrigation
Chakraborty, T., Qian, Y., Li, J., Leung, L.-Y. R., & Sarangi, C. (2025) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-024-01613-z · Cited by 21
Heat Stroke Prevention in Hot Specific Occupational Environment Enhanced by Supervised Machine Learning with Personalized Vital Signs
Shimazaki, T., Anzai, D., Watanabe, K., Nakajima, A., Fukuda, M., & Ata, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22010395 · Cited by 21
Sensitivity Analysis of Heat Stress Indices
Rachid, A., & Qureshi, A. M. (2023) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli11090181 · Cited by 20
Assessing equity in heat mitigation ecosystem services of urban green space in Singapore
Xu, R., Hamel, P., Lim, A. Y. M., & He, T. (2025) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101727 · Cited by 20
Black globe temperature from meteorological data and a bioclimatic analysis of the Brazilian Northeast for Saanen goats
da Silva, T. G. F., Santos, G. C. D. L., Duarte, A. M. C., Turco, S. H. N., Neto, J. F. D. C., Jardim, A. M. D. R. F., & dos Santos, T. S. (2019) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102408 · Cited by 20
Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effect, Heat Stress and Public Health in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Shenzhen, China
Nanayakkara, N. W. S., Wang, W., Cao, J., Wang, J., & Zhou, W. (2023) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos14050839 · Cited by 20
A global high-resolution and bias-corrected dataset of CMIP6 projected heat stress metrics
Kong, Q., & Huber, M. S. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04527-6 · Cited by 30
Performances of Limited Area Models for the WORKLIMATE Heat–Health Warning System to Protect Worker’s Health and Productivity in Italy
Grifoni, D., Messeri, A., Crisci, A., Bonafede, M., Pasi, F., Gozzini, B., Orlandini, S., Marinaccio, A., Mari, R., Morabito, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189940 · Cited by 19
The Heat Is On: Observations and Trends of Heat Stress Metrics during Florida Summers
McAllister, C., Stephens, A. B., & Milrad, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · doi:10.1175/jamc-d-21-0113.1 · Cited by 23
Spatiotemporal changes in Hourly Wet Bulb Globe temperature in Peninsular Malaysia
Houmsi, M. R., Ismail, Z., Othman, I. K., Ishak, D. S. M., Hamed, M. M., Iqbal, Z., Syamsunur, D., & Shahid, S. (2023) · Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment · doi:10.1007/s00477-023-02396-2 · Cited by 19
Changes in Land Cover and Management Affect Heat Stress and Labor Capacity
Orlov, A., Hertog, S. J. D., Havermann, F., Guo, S., Luo, F., Manola, I., Thiery, W., Lejeune, Q., Pongratz, J., Humpenöder, F., et al. (2023) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2022ef002909 · Cited by 18
Predicting the body core temperature of recreational athletes at the end of a 10 km self‐paced run under environmental heat stress
de Andrade, M. T., Nunes‐Leite, M. M. S., Bruzzi, R. S., Souza, C. H., Uendeles-Pinto, J. P., Prado, L. S., Soares, D. D., Gonçalves, D. A. P., Coimbra, C. C., & Wanner, S. P. (2023) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091017 · Cited by 19
Quantifying impact-relevant heatwave durations
Polt, K. D., Ward, P. J., de Ruiter, M., Bogdanovich, E., Reichstein, M., Frank, D., & Orth, R. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acf05e · Cited by 19
A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise
Notley, S. R., Mitchell, D., & Taylor, N. A. S. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3 · Cited by 19
Multi-criteria thermal resilience certification scheme for indoor built environments during heat waves
Amaripadath, D., Mirzaei, P. A., & Attia, S. (2024) · Energy and Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.05.001 · Cited by 18
A generic simulation model for prediction of thermal conditions and human performance in cockpits
Schminder, J., & Gårdhagen, R. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.06.055 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of thermal comfort and heat stress indices in different countries and regions – A Review
Yasmeen, S., & Liu, H. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/609/5/052037 · Cited by 18
Quantifying Exercise Heat Acclimatisation in Athletes and Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Brown, H. A., Topham, T. H., Clark, B., Ioannou, L. G., Flouris, A. D., Smallcombe, J. W., Telford, R. D., Jay, O., & Périard, J. D. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01972-4 · Cited by 17
Applicability of the model presented by Australian Bureau of Meteorology to determine WBGT in outdoor workplaces: A case study
Teimori-Boghsani, G., Monazzam, M. R., Nassiri, P., Golbabaei, F., Dehghan, S. F., Ghanadzadeh, M. J., & Asghari, M. (2020) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100609 · Cited by 17
Modeling heat stress changes based on wet-bulb globe temperature in respect to global warming
Nassiri, P., Monazzam, M. R., Golbabaei, F., Dehghan, S. F., Shamsipour, A., Ghanadzadeh, M. J., & Asghari, M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-020-00472-1 · Cited by 17
Intensity-duration-frequency relationship of WBGT extremes using regional frequency analysis in South Korea
Shin, J., Kim, K. R., & Ha, J.-C. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109964 · Cited by 17
Relative Influence of Meteorological Variables of Human Thermal Stress in Peninsular Malaysia
Houmsi, M. R., Ismail, Z., Ziarh, G. F., Hamed, M. M., Ishak, D. S. M., Muhammad, M. K. I., Mokhtar, M., Sa’adi, Z., & Shahid, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151712842 · Cited by 17
Mitigation of heat stress risks through building energy efficiency upgrade: a case study of Melbourne, Australia
Alam, M., Rajeev, P., Sanjayan, J., Zou, P. X. W., & Wilson, J. L. (2018) · Australian Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1080/14488353.2018.1453331 · Cited by 17
Event-Based Heat-Related Risk Assessment Model for South Korea Using Maximum Perceived Temperature, Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, and Air Temperature Data
Kang, M., Kim, K. R., & Shin, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082631 · Cited by 17
Feasibility of Relative Strain Index (RSI) for the Assessment of Heat Stress in Outdoor Environments: Case Study in Three Different Climates of Iran
Asghari, M., Ghalhari, G. F., Abbasinia, M., Shakeri, F., Tajik, R., & Ghanadzadeh, M. J. (2020) · The Open Ecology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874213002013010011 · Cited by 17
Identifying the need for locally-observed wet bulb globe temperature across outdoor athletic venues for current and future climates in a desert environment
Guyer, H. E., Georgescu, M., Hondula, D. M., Wardenaar, F. C., & Vanos, J. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac32fb · Cited by 17
Verifying Experimental Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Hindcasts Across the United States
Ahn, Y., Uejio, C. K., Rennie, J., & Schmit, L. (2022) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2021gh000527 · Cited by 16
Heat stress morbidity among US military personnel: Daily exposure and lagged response (1998–2019)
Lewandowski, S. A., & Shaman, J. L. (2022) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-022-02269-3 · Cited by 16
Analysis of the summer thermal comfort indices in İstanbul
Yılmaz, M., Kara, Y., Toros, H., & İncecik, S. (2024) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-024-02669-7 · Cited by 16
A New, Zero‐Iteration Analytic Implementation of Wet‐Bulb Globe Temperature: Development, Validation, and Comparison With Other Methods
Kong, Q., & Huber, M. S. (2024) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2024gh001068 · Cited by 16
Impact of irrigation on farmworkers’ heat stress in California differs by season and during the day and night
Parajuli, S., Biggs, T. W., Sales, F. D., Zavala, M., He, C., Jones, C., Thompson, C. F., López-Gálvez, N. I., Ciborowski, H. M., Quintino, T., et al. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01959-7 · Cited by 16
Regional disparities and seasonal differences in climate risk to rice labour
Simpson, C. H., Hosking, J. S., Mitchell, D., Betts, R., & Shuckburgh, E. F. (2021) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac3288 · Cited by 16
Productivity Loss from Occupational Exposure to Heat Stress: A Case Study in Brick Workshops/Qom- Iran
Hajizadeh, R., Golbabaei, F., Monazzam, M. R., Dehghan, S. F., & Ezadi-Navan, E. (2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 16
Developing and Validating Heat Exposure Products Using the U.S. Climate Reference Network
Rennie, J., Palecki, M. A., Heuser, S. P., & Diamond, H. J. (2021) · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology · doi:10.1175/jamc-d-20-0282.1 · Cited by 18
Prenatal exposure to heat and humidity and infant birth size in Ghana
Reddam, A., Mujtaba, M. N., Tuholske, C. P., Kaali, S., Ae-Ngibise, K. A., Wylie, B. J., Medgyesi, D. N., Boamah-Kaali, E. A., Baccarelli, A., Agyei, O., et al. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.120557 · Cited by 15
Thermal comfort and heat stress indices for outdoor occupations over 15 years: a case study from Iran
Ghalhari, G. F., Dehghan, S. F., Shakeri, F., Abbasinia, M., & Asghari, M. (2019) · Weather · doi:10.1002/wea.3454 · Cited by 15
Evaluating the Accuracies of the WBGT Estimation Models and their Onsite Applicability in Korea
Lee, J., Kim, K. R., Cho, C., Kang, M., Ha, J.-C., & Kim, D. S. (2019) · Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation · doi:10.9798/kosham.2019.19.4.53 · Cited by 15
Response of surface energy components to urban heatwaves and its impact on human comfort in coastal city
Wei, Y., Chen, H., & Huang‬‬‬‬, J. J. (2024) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101836 · Cited by 14
Study on urban heatwave characteristics and thermal stress scenarios based on China's heatwave hazard zoning
Yang, Q., Peng, H., & Li, Q. (2024) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101957 · Cited by 15
Site-specific hourly resolution wet bulb globe temperature reconstruction from gridded daily resolution climate variables for planning climate change adaptation measures
Takakura, J., Fujimori, S., Takahashi, K., Hijioka, Y., & Honda, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-019-01692-3 · Cited by 15
The usability of ClimApp: A personalized thermal stress warning tool
Eggeling, J., Rydenfält, C., Kingma, B., Toftum, J., & Gao, C. (2022) · Climate Services · doi:10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100310 · Cited by 15
Assessing the Deadly Heat Waves Over South Asian Cities: An Insights From UTCI and WBGT Indices
Khan, N., Ahmad, S., & Shahid, S. (2025) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.8806 · Cited by 14
Sustainable urban mitigation strategies regarding heat-related mortalities and thermal discomfort: an overview and comparative analysis
Ouria, M., de Almeida, A. M., Kondelaji, S. Y., Moura, P., & de Almeida, A. T. (2025) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-025-05477-0 · Cited by 14
Assessing the escalating human-perceived heatwaves in a warming world: The case of China
Zhang, J., Ren, G., & You, Q. (2024) · Weather and Climate Extremes · doi:10.1016/j.wace.2024.100643 · Cited by 15
Implementation and Evaluation of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Within Non‐Urban Environments in the Community Land Model Version 5
Buzan, J. (2024) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2023ms003704 · Cited by 13

Authors: LEMKE, B., & KJELLSTROM, T.
Affiliations: Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NZ)
Australian National University (AU)
ORCID: KJELLSTROM, Tord
Venue: Industrial Health
Publisher: National Institute of Industrial Health
Published: 2012
Volume: 50
Issue: 4
Pages: 267-278
ISSN: 0019-8366 (ISSN-L)
1880-8026
DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1352
OpenAlex: W2131067254
Cited by: 394
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5
FWCI: 0.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Industrial Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
U.S. Air Force
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
Keywords: wet bulb globe temperature, heat stress indices, occupational heat stress, climate change impacts, weather station data, air temperature, dew point, solar radiation, wind speed, method comparison
MeSH terms: Environment, Humans, Weather, Workplace, Heat Stress Disorders, Mathematical Concepts, Climate Change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Calculating Workplace WBGT from Meteorological Data: A Tool for Climate Change Assessment

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks