Skin, Light and their Interactions, an In-Depth Review for Modern Light-Based Skin Therapies
Open accessAbstract
Light-based therapies, including laser, have evolved over the last decades in the dermatology and cosmetic fields. Practitioners should have a deep understanding of the mechanism of action and the effect of different laser parameters on treatments outcomes and safety profiles. Moreover, practitioners would not be able to improve the existing laser treatment protocols or develop new ones without understanding the light fundamentals and different laser-skin interactions. This review article attempts to bridge the theoretical concepts of laser and skin anatomy with the practical applications of light-based treatments.
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Light scattering and absorption differ at various locations on the body due to the heterogeneous nature of skin composition.
“Light scattering and absorption also differ at various locations due to the heterogeneous nature of skin composition [5–7].”
From Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review [Invited] (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
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Setchfield, K., Gorman, A., Simpson, A. H. R. W., Somekh, M. G., & Wright, A. J. (2023) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.493588 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zhao, H., Wang, X., Geng, Z., et al. (2022) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc00505k · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Talala, S., Shvimmer, S., Simhon, R., Gilead, M., & Yitzhak Yitzhaky, B. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24082620 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These methods measure the changes in blood volume through the amount of light transmitted or reflected after irradiating the skin region [13,14].”
MethodEffective Treatment of Rosacea and Telangiectasias Using IPL
Menashe, S., Bermejo, I. G., Lois, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.70357 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“These, in turn, activate resident fibroblasts, which produce collagen, suggested to improve skin texture [15].”
Using an intense pulsed light ( IPL ) module for the treatment of pigmented lesions
Dobroshi, K. (2024) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.16285 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Park, Y.-R., & Eom, J. B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01707-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Skin, Light, and Their Interactions
Alhallak, K., Abdulhafid, A., Tomi, S., & Omran, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27632-3_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPigmentation and Scaring Management after Hypodermoclysis, a Case Report
Alhallak, K., Abdulhafid, A., Tomi, S., et al. (2022) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics9010010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMendes, N. M., Alves, P. J. P., Barros, M., et al. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10122372 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
GlucoSense: Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring using Mobile Devices
Sharma, N., Bebawy, M., Ng, Y. Y., & Hefeeda, M. M. (2025) · ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) · doi:10.1145/3680207.3723472 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The deepest layer is the hypodermis (2–7 mm thick), which mainly consists of fat tissues that store energy and nutrients, providing insulation from cold temperatures and protection from injuries [10].”
Laser and Intense Pulsed Light
Alhallak, K., Abdulhafid, A., Tomi, S., et al. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27632-3_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation박수빈Park, S., Hyeon, J., & So, H. (2026) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-026-04892-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Human skin is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis [ 44 ].”
- Authors
- Albany Cosmetic And Laser Center, & Alhallak, K.
- Corresponding author
- Alhallak, Kamal
- ORCID
- Alhallak, Kamal
- Venue
- Clinical Dermatology & Therapy
- Publisher
- Herald Scholarly Open Access
- Published
- 2021-09-26
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1-15
- OpenAlex
- W3199687725
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- laser parameters, mechanism of action, laser treatment protocols, laser safety, skin anatomy, cosmetic dermatology, phototherapy
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