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Cited by 251Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesKnee injuries and reconstruction techniquesHip disorders and treatments

Utility of the Frontal Plane Projection Angle in Females With Patellofemoral Pain

Willson, John D., Davis, Irene S.·2008·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
DOI 10.2519/jospt.2008.2706
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Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study of females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and a control group. OBJECTIVES: Three different approaches were used to examine the utility of a 2-dimensional (2-D) frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) measure of knee alignment. First, we measured the FPPA association with respect to 3-dimensional (3-D) lower extremity joint rotations during single-leg squats. Second, we determined the correlation of the FPPA during single-leg squats with hip and knee joint rotations during running and single leg jumping. Third, we compared the FPPA between females with and without PFPS. BACKGROUND: PFPS is associated with altered lower extremity kinematics during weight-bearing activities that decrease retropatellar contact area and increase retropatellar stress. An objective and simple procedure to quantify altered kinematics during weight-bearing activities may help clinicians identify individuals who may likely benefit from interventions to improve lower extremity kinematics. METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty females with PFPS and 20 healthy female controls performed single-leg squats, running, and repetitive single-leg jumps while 3-D lower extremity kinematics were recorded. The FPPA was recorded by a digital camera during single-leg stance and single-leg squats. Correlation coefficients were used to quantify the association between the FPPA and transverse and frontal plane hip and knee angles for all activities. Independent t tests were used to compare FPPA values between groups. RESULTS: FPPA values representing medial displacement of the knee during single-leg squats were associated with increased hip adduction (r = 0.32 to 0.38, P<.044) and knee external rotation (r = 0.48 to 0.55, P<.001) across activities. FPPA values for the PFPS group reveal greater medial displacement of the knee compared with those of the control group during single-leg squats (P = .012). CONCLUSION: The association between the FPPA and lower extremity kinematics that are associated with PFPS suggest that the FPPA during single-leg squats may be a useful clinical measure. However, these methods should not be used to quantify 3-D joint rotations.

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Crossref · 10.2519/jospt.2008.2706

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  • Biomechanical investigations of the SLS have focused on narrow demographic cohorts or included people with known musculoskeletal conditions such as patellofemoral pain syndrome or anterior cruciate ligament injury.

    “Biomechanical investigations of the SLS have focused on narrow demographic cohorts 1,3,9 or have included people with known musculoskeletal conditions such as patellofemoral pain syndrome or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. 2,6,10”

    From Lower-Limb Kinematics of Single-Leg Squat Performance in Young Adults (2014) · cites this paper as [6]

  • In clinical practice, the quality of SLS performance is often rated visually on a 10-point ordinal scale, with poor scores (typically <5) indicating a propensity for common degenerative and traumatic musculoskeletal injuries.

    “In clinical practice, the quality of SLS performance is often rated visually on a 10-point ordinal scale, with poor scores (typically < 5) indicating a propensity for common degenerative and traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. 4-6”

    From Lower-Limb Kinematics of Single-Leg Squat Performance in Young Adults (2014) · cites this paper as [6]

  • Similarly undesirable lower-limb kinematics have been observed in clinical patient populations, including those with patellofemoral pain syndrome and those with a history of ACL injury.

    “Interestingly, similarly undesirable LL kinematics have been observed in clinical patient populations, including those with patello-femoral pain syndrome 6,10,22 and those with a history of ACL injury. 2”

    From Lower-Limb Kinematics of Single-Leg Squat Performance in Young Adults (2014) · cites this paper as [6]

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Authors
Willson, J. D., & Davis, I. S.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published
2008-10
Volume
38
Issue
10
Pages
606-615
ISSN
  • 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-1344
DOI
10.2519/jospt.2008.2706
OpenAlex
W2055763710
Cited by
251
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 20
FWCI
4.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hip disorders and treatments
Keywords
patellofemoral pain, frontal plane projection angle, knee alignment, lower limb kinematics, single-leg squat, hip adduction, knee external rotation, female athletes
MeSH terms
Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Exercise Test, Female, Hip Joint, Humans, Knee Joint, Posture, Rotation, Case-Control Studies, Lower Extremity, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

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