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Cited by 48Knee injuries and reconstruction techniquesLower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesSports Dynamics and Biomechanics

Reliability and Validity of Frontal Plane Kinematics of the Trunk and Lower Extremity Measured with 2-Dimensional Cameras During Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Lopes, Thiago Jambo Alves, Ferrari, Deisi, Ioannidis, Joshua, Simic, Milena, Mícolis de Azevedo, Fábio, Pappas, Evangelos·2018·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
DOI 10.2519/jospt.2018.8006
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional (2-D) analysis is commonly used to quantify frontal plane kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity. However, there are conflicting results regarding the reliability and validity of these measurements. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the current literature to determine whether 2-D analysis is a reliable and valid method of measuring frontal plane kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity during squatting, landing, and cutting tasks. METHODS: For this systematic review with meta-analysis, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception until March 2017. The authors included 16 studies that evaluated the reliability and/or validity of 2-D measurements of frontal plane trunk and/or lower extremity kinematics when compared to 3-D measurements during any of the following tasks: squatting, landing, or cutting. RESULTS: Intrarater reliability (intraday and interday) and interrater reliability of the 2-D video measurements varied from moderate to excellent. In terms of validity, there was poor agreement between the 2-D and 3-D methods, with no correlation between 2-D knee frontal plane projection angle and 3-D knee frontal plane angles (r = 0.127, P = .094) for the single-leg squat, but a moderate to good relationship (r = 0.619, P<.001) for the landing task. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional video analysis of frontal plane trunk and lower extremity kinematics is reliable, but this appears to be dependent on the task and the type of reliability evaluated. The current evidence does not support the use of 2-D video analysis for measuring trunk and lower extremity frontal plane kinematics when accurate measures are required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnosis, level 3. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(10):812-822. Epub 12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8006.

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  • Recent findings have questioned the robustness of 2D video analysis for clinical diagnostic applications, citing significant concerns regarding perspective error and marker-tracking accuracy.

    “recent findings have questioned the robustness of 2D video analysis for clinical diagnostic applications, citing significant concerns regarding perspective error and marker-tracking accuracy [59].”

    From Intra-Rater and Test–Retest Reliability of Kinovea for the Kinematic Analysis of Squatting in Healthy Active Women (2026) · cites this paper as [59]

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Authors
Lopes, T. J. A., Ferrari, D., Ioannidis, J., Simic, M., Mícolis de Azevedo, F., & Pappas, E.
Affiliations
The University of Sydney (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published
2018-10
Volume
48
Issue
10
Pages
812-822
ISSN
  • 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-1344
DOI
10.2519/jospt.2018.8006
OpenAlex
W2808293707
Cited by
48
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNESP Institutional Repository (São Paulo State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
Keywords
frontal plane kinematics, measurement reliability, measurement validity, trunk kinematics, lower limb kinematics, squatting, landing, cutting task
MeSH terms
Biomechanical Phenomena, Exercise Test, Humans, Task Performance and Analysis, Video Recording, Reproducibility of Results, Lower Extremity, Torso

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