Effects of Pilates-based exercises on pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Lim, Edwin Choon Wyn; Poh, Ruby Li Choo; Low, Ai Ying; Wong, Wai Pong

doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3393

Cited by 148Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPregnancy-related medical researchSpine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology

Effects of Pilates-based exercises on pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Lim, Edwin Choon Wyn, Poh, Ruby Li Choo, Low, Ai Ying, Wong, Wai Pong·2011·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

DOI 10.2519/jospt.2011.3393

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Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review with meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES: To compare pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain who were treated with Pilates exercises compared to minimal or other interventions. METHODS: Searches of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library, PEDro, and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis databases were conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected and reviewed if they compared pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain who were treated with Pilates exercises compared to other treatment approaches. Quality of the trials was evaluated. Data for pain and disability scores were extracted. Narrative synthesis plus meta-analyses were performed, with either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, standardized mean differences (SMDs), and tests for heterogeneity. RESULTS: Seven RCTs were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Data pooling was performed using RevMan 5. When compared to minimal intervention, Pilates-based exercise provided superior pain relief (pooled SMD, -2.72; 95% CI: -5.33, -0.11; P = .04) but the pooled disability scores were not significantly different (pooled SMD, -0.74; 95% CI: -1.81, 0.33;P = .17). No significant differences were found when comparing Pilates-based exercise to other forms of exercise for pain (pooled SMD, 0.03; 95% CI: -0.52, 0.58; P = .92) or disability scores (pooled SMD, -0.41; 95% CI: -0.96, 0.14; P = .14). CONCLUSION: Pilates-based exercises are superior to minimal intervention for pain relief. Existing evidence does not establish superiority of Pilates-based exercise to other forms of exercise to reduce pain and disability for patients with persistent nonspecific low back pain. However, the relatively low quality of existing studies and the heterogeneity of pooled studies in this systematic review combine to suggest that these results should be interpreted with caution. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapy, level 1a.

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Motor-control exercises have been shown to be superior to minimal intervention and to provide at least similar outcomes to other forms of exercises.
“Motor-control exercises [5] and Pilates-based stabilization exercises [6] have been shown to be superior to minimal intervention and provide at least similar outcomes to other forms of exercises [5,6].”
From Sustainability effects of motor control stabilisation exercises on pain and function in chronic nonspecific low back pain patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Pilates-based stabilization exercises have been shown to be superior to minimal intervention and to provide at least similar outcomes to other forms of exercises.
“Motor-control exercises [5] and Pilates-based stabilization exercises [6] have been shown to be superior to minimal intervention and provide at least similar outcomes to other forms of exercises [5,6].”
From Sustainability effects of motor control stabilisation exercises on pain and function in chronic nonspecific low back pain patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
The meta-analyses on the effects of these training forms have not pointed out training characteristics (period, duration, frequency, intensity, etc.) for the likely largest effect.
“The meta-analyses on the effects of these training forms2–4,8,9 have not pointed out training characteristics (period, duration, frequency, intensity, etc.) for the likely largest effect.”
From Dose-response-relationship of stabilisation exercises in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-regression (2020) · cites this paper as [9]

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Method
24-weeks Pilates-aerobic and educative training to improve body fat mass in elderly Serbian women
Ruíz-Montero, P. J., Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Mikalački, M., Čokorilo, N., & Korovljev, D. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s52077 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of Pilates method in physical fitness on older adults. A systematic review
Carral, J. M. C., de Oliveira, I. M., & Fuentes, G. R. (2014) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-014-0143-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“There are currently six systematic reviews on the effectiveness of Pilates method in relieving pain and improving function in adults with low back pain [1, 5, 27, 30, 37, 39] and one on the effects of Pilates method on healthy people [11].”
Background
Effectiveness of Pilates exercise: A quality evaluation and summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials
Kamioka, H., Tsutani, K., Katsumata, Y., Yoshizaki, T., Okuizumi, H., Okada, S., Park, S., Kitayuguchi, J., Abe, T., & Mutoh, Y. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2015.12.018 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Pilates for Low Back Pain
Yamato, T. P., Maher, C. G., Saragiotto, B. T., Hancock, M. J., Ostelo, R., Cabral, C. M. N., Costa, L. C. M., & Costa, L. O. P. (2015) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001398 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pilates: how does it work and who needs it?
Kloubec, J. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The effects of selective Pilates versus extension-based exercises on rehabilitation of low back pain
Mazloum, V., Sahebozamani, M., Barati, A., Nakhaee, N., & Rabiei, P. (2017) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.09.012 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions
Denham‐Jones, L., Gaskell, L., Spence, N., & Pigott, T. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1563 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Comparative effectiveness of Pilates and yoga group exercise interventions for chronic mechanical neck pain: quasi-randomised parallel controlled study
Dunleavy, K., Kava, K., Goldberg, A., Malek, M. H., Talley, S. A., Lehr, V. T., & Hildreth, J. (2015) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2015.06.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Effects of Pilates on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
Lin, H.-T., Hung, W.-C., Hung, J.-L., Wu, P.-S., Liaw, L.-J., & Chang, J. (2016) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.28.2961 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Effect of Pilates mat exercise and home exercise programs on pain, functional level, and core muscle thickness in women with chronic low back pain
Batıbay, S., Külcü, D. G., Kaleoğlu, Ö., & Mesci, N. (2020) · Journal of Orthopaedic Science · doi:10.1016/j.jos.2020.10.026 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Efficacy of Pilates on Pain, Functional Disorders and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yu, Z., Yin, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Cai, H., & Peng, F. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20042850 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“In addition, existing systematic reviews of RCTs have confirmed that Pilates provide better pain relief than minimal interventions in patients with chronic low back pain [23,24].”
Background
Short- and long-term effects of a six-week clinical Pilates program in addition to physical therapy on postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Cruz‐Díaz, D., Martínez‐Amat, A., Osuna‐Pérez, M. C., la Torre‐Cruz, M. J. D., & Hita‐Contreras, F. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1090485 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Motor Control Stabilisation Exercise for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Prospective Meta-Analysis with Multilevel Meta-Regressions on Intervention Effects
Niederer, D., Engel, T., Vogt, L., Arampatzis, A., Banzer, W. E., Beck, H., Catalá, M. M., Brenner-Fließer, M., Güthoff, C., Haag, T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093058 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“When compared to other active interventions, motor control and stabilisation exercises provided at least similar [5,6], or even larger [7,8] effects when pain and function are the outcomes of interest [10].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Derivation of a Preliminary Clinical Prediction Rule for Identifying a Subgroup of Patients With Low Back Pain Likely to Benefit From Pilates-Based Exercise
Stolze, L. R., Allison, S. C., & Childs, J. D. (2012) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3826 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive Management of Low Back Disorders
Hegmann, K. T., Travis, R. L., Andersson, G. B. J., Belcourt, R. M., Carragee, E. J., Donelson, R. G., Eskay-Auerbach, M., Galper, J. S., Goertz, M., Haldeman, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001812 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The effect of Pilates exercise training for scoliosis on improving spinal deformity and quality of life
Gou, Y., Lei, H., Zeng, Y., Tao, J., Kong, W., & Wu, J. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027254 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Previous reviews have reported that Pilates exercise can improve posture and dynamic balance in older adults,([34,38]) reduce pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain,([39,40]) and also improve spine curvature and alignment in adolescents,([37]) and increase lower and upper limb strength, aerobic…”
The Pilates method and cardiorespiratory adaptation to training
Tinoco-Fernández, M., Jiménez-Martín, M., Sánchez‐Caravaca, M. Á., Fernández-Pérez, A. M., Ramírez‐Rodrigo, J., & Villaverde‐Gutiérrez, C. (2016) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438627.2016.1202829 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effect of Trunk-Focused Exercises on Pain, Disability, Quality of Life, and Trunk Physical Fitness in Low Back Pain and How Potential Effect Modifiers Modulate Their Effects: A Systematic Review With Meta-analyses
Prat-Luri, A., Ríos-Calonge, J. D. L., Moreno-Navarro, P., Manresa‐Rocamora, A., Vera-García, F. J., & Barbado, D. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11091 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review
Cruz, J. C., Liberali, R., da Cruz, T. M. F., & Netto, M. I. A. (2016) · Fisioterapia em Movimento · doi:10.1590/1980-5918.029.003.ao19 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effects of Pilates on health and well-being of women: a systematic review
Parveen, A., Kalra, S., & Jain, S. (2023) · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1186/s43161-023-00128-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Effects of a Pilates-Based Exercise Rehabilitation Program on Functional Outcome and Fall Risk Reduction in an Aging Adult Status-Post Traumatic Hip Fracture due to a Fall
Stivala, A., & Hartley, G. W. (2014) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e3182abe7a9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a protocol of a randomised controlled trial
da Luz, M. A., Costa, L. O. P., Fuhro, F. F., Manzoni, A. C. T., de Oliveira, N. T. B., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2013) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-14-16 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“However, the authors from these reviews stated that most of the available trials are typically small and with suboptimal quality [13-15].”
Influential
Pilates method in the treatment of patients with Chikungunya fever: a randomized controlled trial
de Oliveira, B. F. A., Carvalho, P. R. C., Holanda, A. S. D. S., dos Santos, R. I. S. B., da Silva, F. A. X., Barros, G. W. P., de Albuquerque, E. C., Dantas, A. T., Cavalcanti, N. G., Ranzolin, A., et al. (2019) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215519856675 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The effect of pilates on metabolic control and oxidative stress of diabetics type 2 – A randomized controlled clinical trial
Gouveia, S. S. V., Gouveia, G. P. D. M., Souza, L. M., da Costa, B. C., Iles, B., Pinho, V. A., Vasconcelos, S. S., Medeiros, J. V. R., da Silva, R. L., & Pinheiro, L. G. P. (2021) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.01.004 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The effects of Pilates exercise in comparison to other forms of exercise on pain and disability in individuals with chronic non‐specific low back pain: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Wong, C., Rugg, B., & Geere, J. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1667 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of exercise and manual therapy or kinesiotaping on sEMG and pain perception in chronic low back pain: a randomized trial
Blanco-Gímenez, P., Mampel, J. V., Gargallo, P., Maroto‐Izquierdo, S., Martín-Ruiz, J., Jaenada-Carrilero, E., & Barrios, C. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07667-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…activation can compromise trunk stability, potentially resulting in injuries, such as CLBP. Promising results of exercises focused on motor control and spinal stabilization in patients diagnosed with CLBP in terms of pain and disability reduction [62, 63] have been reported in the last decade.”
Background
Core Training in Low Back Disorders: Role of the Pilates Method
Joyce, A. A., & Kotler, D. H. (2017) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000365 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“(32) finding that Pilates reduced pain but not disability when compared to minimal intervention, while Aladro-Gonzalvo et al.”
Background
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Different Weekly Frequencies of Pilates for Chronic Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial
Miyamoto, G. C., Moura, K. F., Franco, K. F. M., de Oliveira, N. T. B., Amaral, D. D. V., Branco, A. N. C., da Silva, M. L., Lin, C. C., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2015) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20150404 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
DMA Clinical Pilates Directional-Bias Assessment: Reliability and Predictive Validity
Tulloch, E., Phillips, C., Sole, G., Carman, A. B., & Abbott, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3790 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
A qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions following a 12‐week Pilates exercise programme
Gaskell, L., & Williams, A. E. (2018) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1365 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“To date, published studies on Pilates have been post‐intervention studies that have focused on specific outcomes such as pain and disability questionnaires or measures of strength, balance, flexibility and body composition (Cancela et al., 2014; Choon Wyn Lim et al., 2011; Donzeli Viera et al., 2017; Natour et al., 20…”
Background
Mind-Body Exercise Performed by Physical Therapists for Reducing Pain and Disability in Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Gilliam, J. R., George, S. Z., Norman, K. S., Hendren, S., Sahu, P. K., & Silfies, S. P. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.10.004 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pilates and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review
Xu, M., Tian, C., Wang, Y., Liang, S., Wang, Y., Li, X., & Yang, K. (2023) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Application of Pilates principles increases paraspinal muscle activation
Andrade, L. D. S., Mochizuki, L., Pires, F. O., da Silva, R. A. S., & Mota, Y. L. (2014) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.11.011 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…in chronic low back pain after a bout of Pilates-based exercises may be obtained through improvements in postural control due to an increased muscular endurance strength and flexibility (Rydeard et al., 2006; Lim et al., 2011; Newell et al., 2012; Sekendiz et al., 2007; Kaesler et al., 2007).”
Exercise training and depression and anxiety in musculoskeletal pain patients: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Amiri, S. (2022) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-022-00431-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The efficacy of the addition of the Pilates method over a minimal intervention in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Miyamoto, G. C., Costa, L. O. P., Galvanin, T., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2011) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2011.06.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Relative effectiveness of different forms of exercises for treatment of chronic low back pain: protocol for a systematic review incorporating Bayesian network meta-analysis
Gao, C., Chen, G., Yang, H. J., Hua, Z., Xu, P., Wong, M. S., & He, C. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025971 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Pilates Exercise which is designed with the intent to improve posture and control of movement via neuromuscular control techniques believed to improve lumbar spine stability through targeting the local stabiliser muscles of the lumbar-pelvic region or ‘core muscles’.(46)”
How Does the Execution of the Pilates Method and Therapeutic Exercise Influence Back Pain and Postural Alignment in Children Who Play String Instruments? A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Poncela-Skupien, C., Pinto, E. P., Cepa, C. B. M., Escobar, J. C. Z., Galisteo, R. P. R., & Palomo‐Carrión, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207436 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Therefore, it was decided to incorporate the Pilates method in this study in combination with therapeutic exercise, since the literature affirms that Pilates exercise combines core stability, posture, flexibility, strength, breathing, and movement control, including different exercises with different levels of intensi…”
Method
Effect of pilates training on pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Huang, J., & Park, H. (2023) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/pan.2023.0003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Role of Exercise in Treating Low Back Pain
Essman, M., & Lin, C. Y. (2022) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000982 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Work Disability Prevention and Management
Kertay, L., Caruso, G. M., Baker, N. A., Christian, J. B., Cook, J. L., Das, R., Goertz, M., McKenzie, J. G., Martin, D. W., Melhorn, J. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000003320 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Benefits and harms of exercise therapy and physical activity for low back pain: An umbrella review
Comachio, J., Beckenkamp, P. R., Ho, E. K., Shaheed, C. A., Stamatakis, E., Ferreira, M. L., Lan, Q., Mork, P. J., Holtermann, A., Wang, D. X. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101038 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cardiovascular program to improve physical fitness in those over 60 years old – pilot study
Minguet, J. L. C., & Castillo-Rodríguez, A. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s66190 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This was anticipated, as the intervention program was limited to a time period of 90 days, too short to manifest definitive improvements in BC. Dias et al 33 and Lim et al 34 did not find any improvements in their participants either.”
The Importance of Mind–Body in Pilates Method in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Vera-Saura, P., Agudo-Pavón, J., Velázquez-Torres, D. M., Martín-Alemán, M., León-Morillas, F., Infante-Guedes, A., & Cruz‐Díaz, D. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13164731 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
High-intensity and low-intensity Pilates have similar effects on pain and disability in people with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomised trial
Coelho, A. C. S., Dourado, J. F., & Lima, P. O. D. P. (2025) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2025.03.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The effects of a novel pilates exercise prescription method on people with non-specific unilateral musculoskeletal pain: a randomised pilot trial
Devasahayam, A. J., Ho, D. R. Y., Leung, E. Y. S., Goh, M. R., & Koh, P. (2016) · Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare · doi:10.1177/2010105816644265 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Perceived benefits, rationale and preferences of exercises utilized within Pilates group exercise programmes for people with chronic musculoskeletal conditions: A questionnaire of Pilates‐trained physiotherapists
Gaskell, L., Williams, A. E., & Preece, S. (2019) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1402 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a clinical pilates program in women with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Baskan, Ö., Cavlak, U., & Baskan, E. (2021) · The Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine · doi:10.4328/acam.20648 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dose–response relationship and effect modifier of stabilisation exercises in nonspecific low back pain: a project-wide individual patient data re-analysis on 1483 intervention participants
Niederer, D., Pfeifer, A.-C., Engel, T., Block, A., Schäfer, R., Floessel, P., Beck, H., Platen, P., Schiltenwolf, M., Schneider, C., et al. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002801 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pilates Based Exercise in Muscle Disbalances Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries
Mtel, S., Milert, A., & Szczygie, E. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25557 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hypertrophy of Lumbopelvic Muscles in Inactive Women: A 36-Week Pilates Study
Dorado, C., López-Gordillo, A., Serrano, J. A., Calbet, J. A. L., & Sanchis‐Moysi, J. (2020) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738120918381 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Pilates appears to be superior to other forms of exercise for the treatment of low back pain.(18,19) Compared with classic Pilates, modern Pilates is characterized by a more gradual introduction of exercises and a greater emphasis on posture, body alignment, and breathing with use of new equipment.”
Background
Shedding more light on the short-term effect of low-level laser therapy on pain in tendinopathy: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Yap, B. W. D., & Lim, E. C. W. (2025) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/10538127251339104 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is Online Exercise at Home More Effective Than Hydrotherapy and Physiotherapy in Patients With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Bayattork, M., & Khaledi, A. (2022) · Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy · doi:10.32598/ptj.12.1.517.1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Is Pilates effective in improving depressive disorders? A comprehensive overview
Legnani, F., Tassi, L., Surace, T., Capuzzi, E., Caldiroli, A., Clerici, M., & Buoli, M. (2024) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000541 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…authors demonstrated the beneficial effect of Pilates on different aspects of health including musculoskeletal function (Cruz-Ferreira et al. , 2011) and back pain (Lim et al. , 2011; Pereira et al. , 2012) as well as fall prevention and physical fitness of elderly subjects (Bullo et al. , 2015).”
The Effect of Pilates Core Exercise on Body Alignment
Kim, D. H., & Lim, J. (2020) · Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.24332/aospt.2020.16.1.03 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Effect of a Non-Pharmacological Multicomponent Pain Management Program on Pain Intensity and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Arazi, S., Rashidi, F., Raiesifar, A., Veisani, Y., & Azadi, A. (2023) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2023.01.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of mat pilates training program on functional fitness in older adults
Borah, P., Hussain, I. W. E., Gogoi, L., Govindasamy, K., Sarkar, S., Elayaraja, M., Balaji, E., & Gogoi, H. (2024) · Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports · doi:10.15561/26649837.2024.0102 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Based on the equipment used and the level of difficulty, pilates exercises can be broadly categorised into six types, among which mat pilates training (MPT) involves body weight as resistance and is favorite among older adults due to its low-impact on body [14].”
Method
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Pilates versus home-based exercises in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain: randomised controlled trial protocol
Tottoli, C. R., van Tulder, M. W., da Silva, E. N., Marques, Y. A., Martins, W. R., & Carregaro, R. L. (2019) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2019.1645883 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Despite the positive effects, recurrent high risk of bias [15,25], lack of”
Background
Pilates for low-back pain
Costa, L. O. P., Hancock, M. J., Maher, C. G., Ostelo, R., Cabral, C. M. N., & Costa, L. D. M. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010265 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of a modified pilates programme on flexion of spine at women with a sedentary job
Hrušová, D., & Komestik, B. (2014) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2014.9.proc1.11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interrater reliability of a Pilates movement-based classification system
Yu, K. K., Tulloch, E., & Hendrick, P. A. (2014) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.08.009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“termed Pilates-based exercise (Lim et al., 2011; Rydeard et al., 2006; Tulloch et al., 2012).”
Short-term Pilates protocol promotes improvement in the functional performance of juvenile soccer players
Nogueira, A. L., Ribeiro, D. B., Parolini, F. C. S., de Abreu, M., Salermo, B. S., Rogério, A. D. P., & Bertoncello, D. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i14.35975 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Spinal cord stimulation combined with exercise in patients diagnosed with persistent spinal pain syndrome. Study protocol for a randomized control trial
Mampel, J. V., Falaguera-Vera, F. J., Poveda, D. S., Zaballos, F. H., Martínez-Soler, M., Blanco-Gímenez, P., & Sánchez-Montero, F. J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309935 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Research indicates that motor control and spinal stabilization exercises, as opposed to surgical and pharmacological interventions, are more effective in reducing pain and disability for patients with spinal pain [23,24].”
Background
Exercise Prescription in Chronic Low Back Pain
Gündüz, O. H., & Erçalık, T. (2014) · Türkiye Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi · doi:10.5152/tftrd.2014.73659 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The effect of exercise on clinical pain: a systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis
Singh, B., Miatke, A., Dumuid, D., Curtis, R., Szeto, K., Dankiw, K. A., Eglitis, E., Petersen, J., Zhou, M., Simpson, C., et al. (2026) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001455 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Influence of pilates method training on the balance of the elderly: a systematic review
Silva‐Filho, E., & de Albuquerque, J. A. (2016) · Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2016.14.406 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: WHICH EXERCISE?
Biçer, B., ŞİŞLİ, T., FAKIOĞLU, M., CİLLİ, K., & Gökdemir, C. E. (2022) · Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33689/spormetre.1069777 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aging and the Cost of Inactivity
Puleo, J. (2017) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000131 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Electromyographic assessment of trunk and shoulder muscles during a Pilates pull-up exercise
Sacco, I. D. C. N., Mori, E. T. T., Queiroz, B. W. C., Marconi, N. F., & Pereira, I. L. R. (2014) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-65742014000200011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
ANÁLISE ERGONOMICA DA TAREFA DOS ENFERMEIROS DAS CLÍNICAS CIRÚRGICAS DA INTERNAÇÃO DO HOSPITAL DAS CLÍNICAS DA UFPE - Um estudo com o uso da Termografia Digital
da SILVA, J. R. R., Marçal, M. A., Oliveira, J. A. D. N., & Soares, M. M. (2016) · doi:10.5151/engpro-conaerg2016-7046 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Pilates Exercise on Disability in Low Back Pain Patients: A Meta-analysis Review Paper
Sharifmoradi, K., & Monfared, S. R. N. (2020) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.30476/jrsr.2020.81227.0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The results of previous research on the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on disability improvement in LBP patients are controversial [1-5].”
BackgroundResult
Ejercicio para manejo del dolor crónico
Viviana Urturbia, M., & Ana Luisa Miranda, M. (2015) · Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile · doi:10.5354/2735-7996.2015.71512 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Pilates-based exercise for persistent, non-specific low back pain and associated functional disability: A meta-analysis with meta-regression
Aladro-Gonzalvo, A. R., Vargas, G. A., Machado-Díaz, M., & Salazar, W. (2012) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.08.003 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Efficacy of the Pilates method for pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Miyamoto, G. C., Costa, L. O. P., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1590/s1413-35552012005000127 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Pilates exercise on low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Patti, A., Thornton, J. S., Giustino, V., Drid, P., Paoli, A., Schulz, J. M., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2023) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2023.2251404 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Pilates versus other forms of exercise on chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Wong, C. M., Rugg, B., & Geere, J.-A. (2022) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The effects of Pilates exercise in comparison to other forms of exercise on pain and disability in individuals with chronic non‐specific low back pain: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Wong, C., Rugg, B., & Geere, J. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1667 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Authors: Lim, E. C. W., Poh, R. L. C., Low, A. Y., & Wong, W. P.
Affiliations: Singapore General Hospital (SG)
ORCID: Lim, Edwin Choon Wyn
Venue: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published: 2011-02
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Pages: 70-80
ISSN: 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
1938-1344
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3393
OpenAlex: W2096021836
Cited by: 148
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 0.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Keywords: Pilates, non-specific low back pain, chronic low back pain, exercise therapy, analgesia, disability, minimal intervention, exercise comparison
MeSH terms: Chronic Disease, Disability Evaluation, Humans, Pain Measurement, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Low Back Pain, Exercise Movement Techniques

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Effects of Pilates-based exercises on pain and disability in individuals with persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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