Feeding behavior as an early predictor of bovine respiratory disease in North American feedlot systems1
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which can cause substantial losses for feedlot operations, is often difficult to detect based solely on visual observations. The objectives of the current study were to determine a BRD case identification based on clinical and laboratory parameters and assess the value of feeding behavior for early detection of BRD. Auction-derived, mixed-breed beef steers (n = 213) with an average arrival weight of 294 kg were placed at a southern Alberta commercial feedlot equipped with an automated feed bunk monitoring system. Feeding behavior was recorded continuously (1-s intervals) for 5 wk after arrival and summarized into meals. Meals were defined as feeding events that were interrupted by less than 300 s nonfeeding. Meal intake (g) and meal time (min) were further summarized into daily mean, minimum, maximum, and sum and, together with frequency of meals per day, were fit into a discrete survival time analysis with a conditional log-log link. Feedlot staff visually evaluated (pen-checked) health status twice daily. Within 35 d after arrival, 76% (n = 165) of the steers had 1 or more clinical signs of BRD (reluctance to move, crusted nose, nasal or ocular discharge, drooped ears or head, and gaunt appearance). Whereas 41 blood samples could not be processed due to immediate freezing, for 124 of these steers, complete and differential blood cell count, total serum protein, plasma fibrinogen, serum concentration of haptoglobin (HP), and serum amyloid A…
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Wolfger et al.'s discrete survival analysis linked increases in dry matter intake per meal, meal frequency, and meal intervals with reduced BRD development risk up to a week before clinical signs emerged.
“Wolfger et al.’s discrete survival analysis linked increases in dry matter intake per meal, meal frequency, and meal intervals with reduced BRD development risk up to a week before clinical signs emerged [85].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
Observing feeding behaviors could aid in early detection of BRD risk, thus reducing treatment duration.
“Additionally, observing feeding behaviors could aid in the early detection of BRD risk, thus, reducing the treatment duration [85].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
Feeding behavior as a predictive marker for BRD prior to visual diagnosis identified BRD with a sensitivity of 78-82% and a specificity of 78-79% as early as five to six days before the disease could be visually detected.
“These studies found that this method could identify BRD with a sensitivity of 78–82% and a specificity of 78–79% as early as five to six days before the disease could be visually detected.”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
Diagnostic test specificity is a critical factor for feedlot operations and must be refined to enhance animal welfare, productivity, and economic returns.
“Economic considerations highlight the importance of diagnostic test specificity as a critical factor for feedlot operations. This attribute must be refined to enhance animal welfare, productivity, and economic returns [85].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
Clinical assessments revealed that 60-81% of the cattle were indeed suffering from BRD, while 77-85% of the cattle deemed visually healthy were correctly identified as not having the disease.
“Moreover, clinical assessments revealed that 60–81% of the cattle were indeed suffering from BRD, while 77–85% of the cattle deemed visually healthy were correctly identified as not having the disease [85].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
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“Production management practices, such as observing feeding behavior, could also be used to predict the hazard of BRD before clinical signs appear and thus accelerate treatment times (50).”
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“Furthermore, 60% to 81% of BRD cases were classified as sick, whereas 77% to 85% of visually healthy cattle were classified correctly between 1 and 7 days before visual identification.(29) Therefore, feeding behavior can be used to identify cattle before visual detection.”
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“Wolfger et al.’s discrete survival analysis linked increases in dry matter intake per meal, meal frequency, and meal intervals with reduced BRD development risk up to a week before clinical signs emerged [85].”
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“Wolfger et al. (2015) reported that the mean intake per meal, mean mealtime, and frequency of meals could predict BRD in feedlot cattle 7 d before visual diagnosis of symptoms.”
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“The decrease in average feed consumption, a decrease in the average time spent eating and a decrease in the number of times they were going to eat per day (intake frequency) were significant and could be used as indicators [8,80].”
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“[10] also used feeding behavior to predict BRD and reported a Se of 82% and a Sp of 78% on day 5 before the observation of clinical signs.”
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- Authors
- Wolfger, B., Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S., Barkema, H. W., Pajor, E. A., Levy, M., & Orsel, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Orsel, K.
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 377-385
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3163
- OpenAlex
- W2072475982
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alberta Innovates–Bio Solutions
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- bovine respiratory disease, feeding behavior, early disease detection, beef steers, feedlot cattle, meal ingestion, meal frequency, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, clinical signs, cattle health monitoring, disease risk prediction
- MeSH terms
- Alberta, Animals, Body Temperature, Body Weight, Cattle, Feeding Behavior, Housing, Animal, Male, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Temperature, United States, Survival Analysis, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
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