ASSESSING FINANCIAL LITERACY IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF GRADE 12 ABM STUDENTS OF A NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINES

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Financial self-efficacy and financial literacy positively influence financial well-being by mediating financial behavior.

“Financial self-efficacy and financial literacy have been found to positively influence financial well-being by mediating financial behavior (Younas et al., 2019).”

• cites Younas et al., 2019 sourcePartly supported

  Passage [1] says financial literacy and self-control affect financial well-being through financial behavior. It does not report a finding about financial self-efficacy; the cited paper studies self-control instead. The indexed passage provides no section or page label. (LLM, conf=0.89)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Financial literacy is a critical determinant of financial well-being, as it influences financial behavior, which in turn affects financial well-being.

“In summary, financial literacy is a critical determinant of financial well-being, as it influences financial behavior, which in turn affects financial well-being.”

• cites Delafrooz and Paim, 2011 sourcePartly supported

  The Direct effects section reports that higher financial literacy was associated with better financial behaviors, and that better behaviors were associated with higher financial wellness. But the Indirect effects on financial wellness section calls literacy’s indirect effect weak, while Total effects says it had no direct effect and was not a powerful determinant by itself. Calling it a “critical determinant” overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Better financial behavior translates to better financial well-being.

“Some researcher concluded that financial behavior is the link between expectations and financial well-being and that better financial behavior translates to better financial well-being (Delafrooz and Paim, 2011).”

• cites Delafrooz and Paim, 2011 sourcePartly supported

  The Direct effects section (page not supplied) reports that workers with better financial behaviors tended to have higher financial wellness, supporting the quoted claim. The citing sentence also attributes a link between expectations and financial well-being to this paper, but the passages found do not establish that link. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Higher levels of financial literacy are associated with better financial behavior, which in turn leads to higher financial well-being.

“Previous studies have also found that higher levels of financial literacy are associated with better financial behavior, which in turn leads to higher financial well-being (Delafrooz and Paim, 2011).”

• cites Delafrooz and Paim, 2011 sourceSupported

The quote only partly states this claim.

The financial behavior statement 'I tend to live for today and let tomorrow take care of itself' had an average mean of 3.86.

“Statements 1, 2, and 3 got an average mean of 4.17, 3.86 and 3.69 respectively.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

Believing that lending money is not a good practice had an average mean of 4.11.

“Statement 5 states that students believe that lending money is not a good practice.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

The financial behavior statement 'Money is there to be spent' had an average mean of 4.17.

“Statements 1, 2, and 3 got an average mean of 4.17, 3.86 and 3.69 respectively.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

The financial behavior statement 'I am willing to risk my money' had an average mean of 3.69.

“Statements 1, 2, and 3 got an average mean of 4.17, 3.86 and 3.69 respectively.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Office of Instruction launched a comprehensive program to integrate financial literacy into the K to 12 curricula in accordance with RA No. 10922 and RA No. 10679.

“The Office of Instruction has launched a comprehensive program to integrate financial literacy into the K to 12 curricula, in accordance with the provisions of RA No. 10922 and RA No. 10679, and in support of national and international development objectives.”

• cites RA No. 10922Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites RA No. 10679Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Since the Department of Education institutionalizes and intensifies the integration of Financial Education in the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, it helps students become more equipped in financial dealings.

“Based on the findings, show that since the Department of Education institutionalizes and intensifies the integration of Financial Education in the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, it helps the students become more equipped when it comes to financial dealings.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The study's respondents were 100 Grade 12 ABM students selected by simple random sampling.

“The respondents of the study were 100 Grade 12 ABM students, selected based on a simple random sampling method.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Philippines ranked in the bottom 30 out of 144 countries surveyed in financial literacy, scoring only 25%.

“On a global scale, a study by Standard & Poor's (S&P Global Ratings) found that the Philippines ranked in the bottom 30 out of 144 countries surveyed, scoring only 25% in terms of financial literacy (Marquez, 2023).”

• cites Marquez, 2023Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Financial literacy can enhance students' skills and abilities to make more informed choices and ultimately lead to a very high level of financial behavior.

“Also, it was found that financial literacy can enhance student's skills and abilities to make more informed choices and ultimately lead to a very high level of financial behavior.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The primary objective of the financial literacy integration initiative is to enhance learners' financial literacy and capability to make sound financial decisions, ultimately leading to financial well-being and financial responsibility.

“The primary objective of this initiative is to enhance learners' financial literacy and capability to make sound financial decisions, ultimately leading to financial well-being and financial responsibility (Siddiqui and Imtiaz, 2022).”

• cites Siddiqui and Imtiaz, 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Students find public transportation more convenient and cost-effective compared to school-provided transportation services.

“Agunoy's research indicates that despite the acknowledged sustainability issues with public transportation, students find it more convenient and cost-effective compared to school-provided transportation services, which emphasize safety (Agunoy's, 2020).”

• cites Agunoy's, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Financial literacy is a key factor in achieving prosperity and sustainable development and plays a crucial role in ensuring the financial sustainability of individuals, families, enterprises, and national economies.

“According to a group researcher, financial literacy is a key factor in achieving prosperity and sustainable development, and it plays a crucial role in ensuring the financial sustainability of individuals, families, enterprises, and national economies (Swiecka et al., 2020).”

• cites Swiecka et al., 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Financially educated families are more likely to avoid problems such as excessive indebtedness and default, and accumulate more returns and wealth.

“Studies have consistently shown that financially educated families are more likely to avoid problems such as excessive indebtedness and default, and accumulate more returns and wealth (Van Rooij et al., 2012;Deuflhard et al., 2019).”

• cites Van Rooij et al., 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Deuflhard et al., 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Financial literacy is essential for making informed investment decisions by enabling individuals to understand and analyze information.

“Furthermore, financial literacy is essential for making informed investment decisions by enabling individuals to understand and analyze information (Ratnawati, 2022).”

• cites Ratnawati, 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

A meta-analysis covering 33 countries across six continents found that financial education programs have a positive impact on both financial knowledge and behavior, with similar effects among young and old individuals.

“A meta-analysis covering 33 countries across six continents found that financial education programs have a positive impact on both financial knowledge and behavior, with similar effects observed among young and old individuals (Urban et al., 2020).”

• cites Urban et al., 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Financially literate individuals tend to make better investment decisions and ultimately enjoy higher financial stability and well-being.

“One of the most significant factors is financial literacy, as demonstrated by who found that financially literate individuals tend to make better investment decisions and ultimately enjoy higher financial stability and well-being (Kamakia et al., 2018).”

• cites Kamakia et al., 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Young adults who received financial education in high school are less likely to experience debt problems as they transition to adulthood.

“Moreover, studies have found that young adults who received financial education in high school are less likely to experience debt problems as they transition to adulthood (Urban et al., 2020).”

• cites Urban et al., 2020 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

You do not need to be a great investor to make lots of money.

“But, according to a study, you do not need to be a great investor to make lots of money (Brennan and Woerth, 2021).”

• cites Brennan and Woerth, 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Students know why it is important to invest but do not consider themselves good investors.

“This implies that though students know the reason why it is important to invest, they do not consider themselves good investors.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Random sampling was used to select 100 respondents from ABM students of a National High School.

“Random sampling was used to select 100 respondents from ABM students of a National High School.”

May combine two claims.

ABM students are recognized as having relatively good to excellent financial behavior, which suggests a moderate to high financial literacy.

“ABM students are recognized as having relatively good to excellent financial behavior which likewise suggests a moderate to high financial literacy.”

• cites Financial Behavior of Abm Students as Indication of Their Financial Literacy (March 2022)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

A comprehensive understanding of financial concepts, including budgeting, investing, and debt management, is essential for improving financial behavior, ultimately leading to enhanced financial well-being.

“A comprehensive understanding of financial concepts, including budgeting, investing, and debt management, is essential for improving financial behavior, ultimately leading to enhanced financial well-being.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

By adopting good financial behavior and making informed financial decisions, individuals can improve their financial well-being and achieve long-term prosperity.

“By adopting good financial behavior and making informed financial decisions, individuals can improve their financial wellbeing and achieve long-term prosperity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The welfare effects of education can be ambiguous or negative due to negative externality on naïve consumers.

“Theoretical arguments suggest that the welfare effects of education can be ambiguous or negative due to negative externality on naïve consumers (Lusardi et al., 2017;2020).”

• cites Lusardi et al., 2017;2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

A lower level of financial literacy can lead to irrational financial decisions on investments, pension funds, savings, and debts.

“Existing studies have shown that a lower level of financial literacy can lead to irrational financial decisions on investments, pension funds, savings, and debts (Xiao, 2020).”

• cites Xiao, 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Financial behavior, including financial decisionmaking and investment decisions, has a positive influence on financial well-being.

“Furthermore, research has established that financial behavior, including financial decisionmaking and investment decisions, has a positive influence on financial well-being.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Individuals with higher financial knowledge scores tend to have more favorable financial attitudes and exhibit more desirable financial behaviors.

“Furthermore, research by suggests that individuals with higher financial knowledge scores tend to have more favorable financial attitudes and exhibit more desirable financial behaviors (Aydin and Akben, 2019).”

• cites Aydin and Akben, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Financial attitude is positively related to financial behavior.

“Notably, the study found that financial attitude is positively related to financial behavior.”

• cites Aydin and Akben, 2019Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

There is limited research investigating spillover to untreated peers, and much remains to be learned about the impact of financial education on supply-side decisions.

“Moreover, there is limited research investigating the issue of spillover to untreated peers, and much remains to be learned about the impact of financial education on supply-side decisions (Hamdan et al., 2021).”

• cites Hamdan et al., 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Financial literacy significantly impacts students when it comes to budgeting their money.

“As seen in an article, Financial Literacy: Impact on Budgeting financial literacy significantly impacts students when it comes to budgeting their money (Ania Mercadejas, 2023).”

• cites Ania Mercadejas, 2023Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Financial literacy has a substantial direct impact on financial well-being, and it affects financial well-being by influencing financial behavior.

“Research has consistently shown that financial literacy has a substantial direct impact on financial well-being, and it affects financial well-being by influencing financial behavior.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Students value their families.

“This simply shows that students value their families.”