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Vector ecology and susceptibility in a malariaendemic focus in southern Islamic Republic of Iran
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This study aimed to carry out a malaria situation analysis, species composition and susceptibility levels of the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, to different insecticides in Bashagard. A longitudinal survey was conducted in 2 randomly selected villages in Bashagard. Malaria vectors were sampled by dipping method for the larvae and hand catch, night-biting catch, total catch, and shelter pit collection for the adults. Standard WHO susceptibility tests were used for a variety of insecticides on F1 progeny of An. stephensi reared from wild-caught females. In total, 693 adult anopheline mosquitoes and 839 third and fourth-instar larvae were collected and identified. They comprised 7 species; the most abundant adult and larvae anopheline mosquito was An. dthali (40.7% and 30.5% respectively). An. culicifacies (24.2%) and An. stephensi (16.7%) were the next most common species for adult mosquitoes. An. stephensi was fully susceptible to malathion and pyrethroid insecticides but resistant to DDT and tolerant to dieldrin.
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From 2010, susceptibility of An. stephensi to DDT and dieldrin decreased in Iran, possibly due to emergence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides.
“However, from 2010, susceptibility of An. stephensi to DDT and dieldrin decreased, may be due to the emergence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides [65–71].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
The Susceptibility section (page not available in our copy) reports that the Bashagard An. stephensi strain was resistant to DDT and tolerant to dieldrin in tests conducted around 2010. It does not show that susceptibility began decreasing in 2010: the Introduction reports resistance to those insecticides decades earlier. The tested strain was fully susceptible to the pyrethroids, and the Discussion says no DDT–pyrethroid cross-resistance had been reported, so the proposed explanation is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn. stephensi proved to be susceptible to malathion-discriminating concentration since 1982 in its entire range in southern Iran, with a couple of exceptions.
“Regardless of a couple of instances of mortality of less than 95% in 2011 [64] and 90% in 2015 [72], the species proved to be susceptible to malathion-discriminating concentration since 1982 in its entire range in southern Iran [19, 59–62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
The Susceptibility section and Table 3 report 100% mortality at a 5% malathion diagnostic dose for An. stephensi sampled in Bashagard district in 2009. The paper does not establish susceptibility since 1982 across the species’ entire southern Iranian range, or document the claimed exceptions. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFollow-up bioassays from 2004 to 2010 revealed complete susceptibility to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in An. stephensi from its entire range in southern Iran.
“Follow-up bioassays from 2004 to 2010 revealed complete susceptibility to these insecticides in An. stephensi from its entire range in southern areas of Iran [59–64, 66].”
From Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
The Susceptibility section and Table 3 report 100% mortality with deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in An. stephensi tested in Bashagard district in 2009–2010. They do not establish complete susceptibility throughout southern Iran from 2004 to 2010. The Introduction says that almost all mosquitoes tested during broader pyrethroid monitoring were susceptible, while the Discussion notes an indication of pyrethroid resistance in an adjacent area. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Soleimani-Ahmadi, M., Vatandoost, H., Shaeghi, M., Raeisi, A., Abedi, F., Eshraghian, M. R., Madani, A., Safari, R., Shahi, M., Mojahedi, A., & Poorahmad-Garbandi, F.
- Affiliations
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- National Institute of Health Researches of Iran (IR)
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Vatandoost, H.
- Venue
- Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1034-1041
- ISSN
- 1020-3397 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131028938
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi, insecticide susceptibility, insecticide resistance, DDT resistance, pyrethroid resistance, malathion, Anopheles dthali, Anopheles culicifacies, vector ecology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Insect Vectors, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Iran, Larva, Malaria, Male, Microbiological Techniques, Mosquito Control
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