A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
The use of animal-assisted interventions (aaIs) to achieve psychological benefits has expanded rapidly over the last few years. However, this is a vastly under-researched area, and the research to date has been largely descriptive, in the form of case studies, or has used only small groups of participants with no control condition. Remarkably few studies have utilized gold standard randomized controlled designs. The aim of the present review was to examine the current state of the literature in regard to only randomized controlled trials (RCts) examining the psychosocial benefits of aaIs, which is a necessary step in order to move the field forward. A search of relevant databases was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analyses (PRISma) guidelines. A total of 66,180 articles were identified at the outset; this was reduced to eight articles (involving 7 studies), following the removal of duplicates (39,377), unrelated titles (26,525), and those that did not meet inclusion criteria (270). Findings from the present review suggest that aaIs may be of benefit to a wide range of individuals, including children with autism, and adults with psychological disorders, including schizophrenia. However, further research using well-designed RCts is required to more definitively explore what specific types of aaI are beneficial for specific populations. Recommendations for future research are provided.
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Previous reviewers have noted that format (group), dose, or location (indoors/outdoors) may impact outcomes [11, 14].
“Whilst previous reviewers have noted that format (group), dose, or location (indoors/outdoors) may impact outcomes [11, 14], this review is inconclusive.”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
The Methodological Considerations section suggests that group versus individual sessions and intervention dose may affect outcomes. It also considers whether a new environment contributes to improvement, but does not specifically identify indoor versus outdoor location as an outcome factor (page not available in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOf the seven reviews that explored psychological variables, all concluded that AAI may be beneficial in reducing psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, trauma symptoms, mental illness or addiction.
“Of the seven reviews that explored psychological variables, all concluded that AAI may be beneficial in reducing psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, trauma symptoms, mental illness or addiction [10–16].”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
Eight systematic reviews have indicated that multi-species AAIs may be effective as an adjunctive treatment for human health and wellbeing.
“Eight systematic reviews have indicated that multi-species AAIs may be effective as an adjunctive treatment for human health and wellbeing [10–17].”
From Incorporating animal-assisted therapy in mental health treatments for adolescents: A systematic review of canine assisted psychotherapy (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Maujean, A., Pepping, C. A., & Kendall, E.
- Affiliations
- Griffith University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Maujean, Annick
- Venue
- Anthrozoös
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-36
- ISSN
- 0892-7936 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-0377
- OpenAlex
- W2064151239
- Semantic Scholar
- 4b43b5ddf13e5d6d3a3f867501c66afd4f7d1e47
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Anthrozoös (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Keywords
- animal-assisted interventions, psychosocial outcomes, human-animal interaction, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, mental illness, children, adults, randomized controlled trials
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