The Low Hepatic Toxicity per Gray of 90Y Glass Microspheres Is Linked to Their Transport in the Arterial Tree Favoring a Nonuniform Trapping as Observed in Posttherapy PET Imaging
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UNLABELLED: (90)Y resin and glass microsphere liver radioembolizations delivering lobar doses of 70 and 120 Gy, respectively, display hepatic toxicity similar to 40-Gy fractionated external-beam radiotherapy. We investigated how the lower number of glass microspheres could induce a sufficiently nonuniform dose distribution explaining this paradox. METHODS: Microscale dosimetry was assessed in the realistic liver model developed by Gulec et al. but using the Russell's dose deposition kernel. A lattice of hexagonal prisms represented the hepatic lobules. Two hepatic arterial tree models-that is, a fixed-length and a variable-branches length-were used for the microsphere transport. Equal or asymmetric microsphere relative-spreading probability between 2 daughter vessels was assumed. Several 120-Gy liver simulations were performed: periodic simulations, where 1 or 6 glass microspheres were trapped in all and in only 1 of 6 portal tracts, respectively, and random simulations, where glass microsphere trapping assumed an equal probability for all the portal tracts or a variable probability depending on the successions of artery connections leading to the portal tract, both for the 2 arterial tree models. RESULTS: For the 2 uniform simulations, all hepatic structures received at least 100 Gy. The fast decrease of the (90)Y kernel as the inverse of the square of the distance r is counterbalanced by the number of contributing lobules containing microspheres that increases as r(2). The random simulation with equal-spreading probability gave for the less irradiated tissue a lobule dose distribution centered around 103 Gy (full width at half maximum, 20 Gy). The distribution became significantly asymmetric with the 60%-40% relative-spreading probability, with a shift of the maximum from 103 down to 50 Gy, and about 17% of the lobules got a dose lower than 40 Gy to their different structures. CONCLUSION: The large nonuniform trapping produced by the microsphere transport in the arterial tree jointly with the low number of injected glass microspheres begins to explain their lower hepatic toxicity per Gray. In addition, the nonuniform trapping supports the fact that the granular aspect of (90)Y PET imaging observed in patients could represent some reality and not only statistical noise.
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Tolerable liver absorbed doses appear higher for microspheres compared with external beam or other beta-emitting therapies, likely because of microscale dosing of 90Y-microspheres, which tends to be nonuniformly distributed throughout the hepatic arterial system/liver, resulting in many areas that receive lower absorbed doses.
“The reason why tolerable liver absorbed doses appear to be higher for microspheres in comparison to external beam or other b -emitting therapies (MIBG; radioimmunotherapies) is likely because of the microscale dosing of 90 Y-microspheres, which tends to be nonuniformly distributed throughout the hepatic arterial system/liver. This results in many areas that receive lower absorbed doses ( 57 ).”
From Normal-Tissue Tolerance to Radiopharmaceutical Therapies, the Knowns and the Unknowns (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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Normal-Tissue Tolerance to Radiopharmaceutical Therapies, the Knowns and the Unknowns
Wahl, R. L., Sgouros, G., Iravani, A., Jacene, H., Pryma, D., Saboury, B., Capala, J., & Graves, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.262751 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walrand, S., Hesse, M., Chiesa, C., Lhommel, R., & Jamar, F.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (IT)
- Venue
- Journal of Nuclear Medicine
- Publisher
- Society of Nuclear Medicine
- Published
- 2013-12-02
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-140
- ISSN
- 0161-5505 (ISSN-L)
- 2159-662X
- OpenAlex
- W2152135563
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Nuclear Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Keywords
- yttrium-90 glass microspheres, hepatic radioembolization, hepatotoxicity
- MeSH terms
- Glass, Hepatic Artery, Humans, Liver, Microspheres, Monte Carlo Method, Probability, Radiometry, Radiotherapy Dosage, Yttrium Radioisotopes, Positron-Emission Tomography
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