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Cited by 284

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

What Is Tracking? Cultural Expectations in the United States, Germany, and Japan

LeTendre, Gerald K., Hofer, Barbara K., Shimizu, Hidetada·2003·American Educational Research Journal

Abstract

On the basis of the TIMSS Case Study Project data collected in the United States, Japan, and Germany in 1994–1995, this article examines the phenomenon of tracking as part of curricular differentiation and student placement practices in public K–12 school systems. The authors document clear national differences in differentiation and placement measures and summarize the history of conflict over those measures. Analysis of respondent perceptions and beliefs about differentiation and placement (what people think “tracking” is) shows that nation-specific values and attitudes (i.e., cultures) determine which forms of curricular differentiation are legitimated and which contested. Dominant cultural beliefs about what students are capable of and the role that schools should play in educating them create different points of conflict over tracking.

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Metadata

Authors
LeTendre, G. K., Hofer, B. K., & Shimizu, H.
Venue
American Educational Research Journal
Published
2003-01
Volume
40
Issue
1
Pages
43-89
ISSN
  • 0002-8312 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-1011
OpenAlex
W2108429230
Cited by
284
References
4
FWCI
30.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What Is Tracking? Cultural Expectations in the United States, Germany, and Japan. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3102/00028312040001043
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LeTendre, G. K., Hofer, B. K., & Shimizu, H. (2003). What Is Tracking? Cultural Expectations in the United States, Germany, and Japan. American Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312040001043

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.