The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meaning in Method: The Rhetoric of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Abstract
The current debate about quantitative and qualitative methods focuses on whether there is a necessary connection between method-type and research paradigm that makes the different approaches incompatible. This paper argues that part of the connection is rhetorical. Quantitative methods express the assumptions of a positvisit paradigm which holds that behavior can be explained through objective facts. Design and instrumentation persuade by showing how bias and error are eliminated. Qualitative methods express the assumptions of a phenomenological paradigm that there are multiple realities that are socially defined. Rich description persuades by showing that the researcher was immersed in the setting and giving the reader enough detail to “make sense” of the situation. While rhetorically different, the results of the two methodologies can be complementary. Examples are drawn from two studies using different methodologies to study the same problem.
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“This voice represents the introjected negative thoughts and it ranges from unconscious or subliminal to fully conscious [71].”
From The “common” experience of voice-hearing and its relationship with shame and guilt: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
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The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Hall, M. B., & Kuhn, T. S. (1963) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1847040 · Cited by 7,479
Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action.
Jick, T. D. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392366 · Cited by 7,103 · cited 2×
“When focused on the same issue, qualitative and quantitative studies can triangulate—that is, use different methods to assess the robustness or stability of findings (Jick, 1979).”
MethodThe Rules of Sociological Method
Durkheim, E. (1982) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16939-9 · Cited by 4,661
Qualitative Evaluation Methods
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Administrative Science Quarterly
Miewald, R. (1981) · The American Review of Public Administration · doi:10.1177/027507408101500109 · Cited by 3,638
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Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology.
Cronbach, L. J. (1975) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0076829 · Cited by 2,094
Effective Schools for the Urban Poor
Edmonds, R. R. (1979) · Educational leadership · Cited by 1,912
The Rules of Sociological Method.
Benoit-Smullyan, E., Durkheim, E., Solovay, S. A., Mueller, J. H., & Catlin, G. E. G. (1938) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2083907 · Cited by 1,657
Research works printed but not linked: 13
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- DurkheimEThe rules of sociological method1938New YorkFree Press
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- FirestoneWARossmanGBExploring organizational approaches to dissemination and trainingKnowledge Creation, Diffusion, Utilization19867330330
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- GoodenoughWCulture, language, and society1971Reading, MAAddison Wesley
- 10.3102/0013189X012002014 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.3102/00346543057001001 · DOI · Paper page
- KuhnTSThe structure of scientific revolutions19702nd ed.ChicagoUniversity of Chicago Press
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Cited by
Integrating local and scientific knowledge for environmental management
Raymond, C. M., Fazey, I., Reed, M. S., Stringer, L. C., Robinson, G. M., & Evely, A. C. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.023 · Cited by 1,116
The use of think-aloud methods in qualitative research an introduction to think-aloud methods
Charters, E. (2003) · Brock Education Journal · doi:10.26522/brocked.v12i2.38 · Cited by 748
Creswell, J. W. (1999) · Handbook of Educational Policy · doi:10.1016/b978-012174698-8/50045-x · Cited by 565
Coleman, G., & O’Connor, R. (2007) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2007.02.011 · Cited by 204
Volpato, E., Cavalera, C., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., & Pagnini, F. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03902-6 · Cited by 33
“This voice represents the introjected negative thoughts and it ranges from unconscious or subliminal to fully conscious [71].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- FIRESTONE, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- FIRESTONE, WILLIAM A.
- Venue
- Educational Researcher
- Published
- 1987-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 16-21
- ISSN
- 0013-189X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-102X
- OpenAlex
- W2004538745
- Cited by
- 738
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 71.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
- Locations
- Educational Researcher (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Keywords
- quantitative research, qualitative research, research paradigms, positivism, phenomenology, research design, instrumentation, researcher immersion
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
