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Cited by 239Online and Blended LearningSchool Choice and PerformanceHigher Education Research Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Effectiveness of Distance Education across Virginia's Community Colleges: Evidence from Introductory College-Level Math and English Courses

Xu, Di, Jaggars, Shanna Smith·2011·Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
DOI 10.3102/0162373711413814
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Abstract

Although online learning is rapidly expanding in the community college setting, there is little evidence regarding its effectiveness among community college students. In the current study, the authors used a statewide administrative data set to estimate the effects of taking one's first college-level math or English course online rather than face to face, in terms of both course retention and course performance. Several empirical strategies were used to minimize the effects of student self-selection, including multilevel propensity score. The findings indicate a robust negative impact of online course taking for both subjects. Furthermore, by comparing the results of two matching methods, the authors conclude that within-school matching on the basis of a multilevel model addresses concerns regarding selection issues more effectively than does traditional propensity score matching across schools.

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Crossref · 10.3102/0162373711413814

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40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

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Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Attewell P., 2006, Journal of Higher Education, 77, 886, 10.1080/00221546.2006.11778948 · DOI
  2. Beatty-Guenter P., 2003, Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 10, 119
  3. Brown W. E., 2006, Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2006, 1030
  4. Carpenter T. G., 2004, Journal of Developmental Education, 28, 14
  5. Harasim L., 1987, Canadian Journal of Educational Communications, 16, 117
  6. Hyllegard D., 2008, International Journal of Instructional Media, 35, 429
  7. Imel S., 1998, Myths and realities: Distance learning.
  8. Kim J., 2006, Causal inference in multilevel settings: Estimating and using propensity scores when treatment is implemented in nested settings.
  9. Moore K., 2003, Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 10, 107
  10. Parsad B., 2008, Distance education at degree-granting postsecondary institutions: 2006-07
  11. Perez S., 2002, THE Journal, 29, 16
  12. Rosenbaum P. R., 1985, American Statistician, 39, 33, 10.1080/00031305.1985.10479383 · DOI
  13. Russell Thomas L., 2001, The no significant difference phenomenon: A comparative research annotated bibliography on technology for distance education.
  14. Summerlin J. A., 2003, A comparison of the effectiveness of off-line Internet and traditional classroom remediation of mathematical skills.
  15. Vargo D., 2002, A comparison of student success and retention rates from an intermediate algebra class presented via the internet and via a conventional classroom.

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Metadata

Authors
Xu, D., & Jaggars, S. S.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
Publisher
American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published
2011-09
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
360-377
ISSN
  • 0162-3737 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-1062
DOI
10.3102/0162373711413814
OpenAlex
W1974590415
Cited by
239
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
FWCI
50.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
  • Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Keywords
distance education, online learning, community colleges, course retention, course performance, student self-selection, Virginia community colleges

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