Estimating the effect of state zero tolerance laws on exclusionary discipline, racial discipline gaps, and student behavior

Curran, F. Chris

doi:10.3102/0162373716652728

Cited by 140Education Discipline and InequalityLegal Issues in EducationCritical Race Theory in Education

Estimating the effect of state zero tolerance laws on exclusionary discipline, racial discipline gaps, and student behavior

Curran, F. Chris·2016·Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis

DOI 10.3102/0162373716652728

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Abstract

Zero tolerance discipline policies have come under criticism as contributors to racial discipline gaps; however, few studies have explicitly examined such policies. This study utilizes data from two nationally representative data sources to examine the effect of state zero tolerance laws on suspension rates and principal perceptions of problem behaviors. Utilizing state and year fixed effects models, this study finds that state zero tolerance laws are predictive of a 0.5 percentage point increase in district suspension rates and no consistent decreases in principals’ perceptions of problem behaviors. Furthermore, the results indicate that the laws are predictive of larger increases in suspension rates for Blacks than Whites, potentially contributing to the Black–White suspension gap. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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Exclusionary disciplinary policies have come under harsh criticism and are increasingly being reviewed and de-emphasized in many districts.
“As such, exclusionary disciplinary policies have come under harsh criticism and are increasingly being reviewed and de-emphasized in many districts”
From Reconciling Contemporary Approaches to School Attendance and School Absenteeism: Toward Promotion and Nimble Response, Global Policy Review and Implementation, and Future Adaptability (Part 1) (2019) · cites this paper as Curran, 2016

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Authors: Curran, F. C.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
Corresponding author: Curran, F. Chris
ORCID: Curran, F. Chris
Venue: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published: 2016-07-07
Volume: 38
Issue: 4
Pages: 647-668
ISSN: 0162-3737 (ISSN-L)
1935-1062
DOI: 10.3102/0162373716652728
OpenAlex: W2418407068
Semantic Scholar: ffd33ae7a232608b8d6bf4d354fad5197cd6e289
Cited by: 140
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 65.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
Social Sciences › Law › Legal Issues in Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
Keywords: zero tolerance laws, student discipline, school suspension, student behavior, school discipline policy, state education policy

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Estimating the effect of state zero tolerance laws on exclusionary discipline, racial discipline gaps, and student behavior

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