Research Progress on the Relationship between Parkinson's Disease and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Open accessAbstract
An individual's quality of life is greatly affected by Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurological degenerative condition. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a prominent non-motor symptom commonly associated with PD. Previous studies have shown a close relationship between PD and RBD. In addition to being a prodromal symptom of PD, RBD has a major negative impact on the prognosis of PD patients. This intrinsic connection indicates that there is a bidirectional relationship between PD and RBD. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pathological mechanism related to PD and RBD, including the α-synuclein pathological deposition, abnormal iron metabolism, neuroinflammation, glymphatic system dysfunction and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Increasing evidence has shown that RBD patients have the same pathogenic mechanisms that underlie PD, but relatively little research has been done on how RBD contributes to PD progression. Therefore, a more thorough investigation is warranted to characterise how RBD affects the course of PD, in order to prepare for future therapeutic trials.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One study identified depletion of Lachnospira and Butyricicoccus in prodromal RBD and first-degree relatives of RBD patients.
“In support, one study identified depletion of Lachnospira and Butyricicoccus in prodromal RBD and first-degree relatives of RBD patients [131, 132].”
From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [131]
Gut microbiome changes have been seen in early and prodromal PD.
“Gut microbiome changes have been seen in early and prodromal PD.”
From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [131]
Cites
Bloem, B. R., Okun, M. S., & Klein, C. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00218-x · Cited by 3,920 · see citing works
Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back
Sweeney, M. D., Zhao, Z., Montagne, A., Nelson, A. R., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2017 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
Parkinson’s disease: genetics and pathogenesis
Shulman, J. M., De Jager, P. L., & Feany, M. B. (2011) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130242 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Schenck, C. H., & Mahowald, M. W. (2002) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.2.120 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease
Zucca, F. A., Segura-Aguilar, J., Ferrari, E., Muñoz, P., Paris, I., Sulzer, D., Sarna, T., Casella, L., & Zecca, L. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a ‘glymphatic’ system?
Abbott, N. J., Pizzo, M. E., Preston, J. E., Janigro, D., & Thorne, R. G. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1812-4 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Zou, W., Pu, T., Feng, W., Lu, M., Zheng, Y., Du, R., Xiao, M., & Hu, G. (2019) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-019-0147-y · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Microglia affect α-synuclein cell-to-cell transfer in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
George, S., Rey, N. L., Tyson, T., Esquibel, C., Meyerdirk, L., Schulz, E., Pierce, S., Burmeister, A. R., Madaj, Z., Steiner, J. A., et al. (2019) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-019-0335-3 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
Hu, M. T. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104996 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention
Oliver, P. J., Civitelli, L., & Hu, M. T. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13138-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhou, Y., Liu, X., & Xu, B.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (CN)
- Zhejiang Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Xiaoli
- Xu, Bin
- Venue
- Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
- Publisher
- IMR Press
- Published
- 2024-09-14
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 166-166
- ISSN
- 0219-6352 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-448X
- OpenAlex
- W4402890395
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Integrative Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, REM sleep behavior disorder, alpha-synuclein, iron metabolism, neuroinflammation, glymphatic dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, non-motor symptoms, prodromal Parkinson's disease, disease progression, bidirectional relationship
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Glymphatic System, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Humans, Parkinson Disease, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, alpha-Synuclein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
