The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a ‘glymphatic’ system?

A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824 · see citing works

Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier

Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595 · see citing works

Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain

Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., O’Donnell, J., Christensen, D. J., Nicholson, C., Iliff, J. J., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241224 · Cited by 5,411 · see citing works

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T. J., Eccles, J. D., Rouhani, S. J., Peske, J. D., Derecki, N. C., Castle, D., Mandell, J. W., Lee, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14432 · Cited by 4,413 · see citing works

Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease

Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., & Hyman, B. T. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006189 · Cited by 3,345 · see citing works

JUNCTIONS BETWEEN INTIMATELY APPOSED CELL MEMBRANES IN THE VERTEBRATE BRAIN

Brightman, M., & Reese, T. S. (1969) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.40.3.648 · Cited by 2,457 · see citing works

A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

Aspelund, A., Antila, S., Proulx, S. T., Karlsen, T. V., Karaman, S., Detmar, M., Wiig, H., & Alitalo, K. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20142290 · Cited by 2,198 · see citing works

The glymphatic system: a beginner's guide

Jessen, N. A., Munk, A. S. F., Lundgaard, I., & Nedergaard, M. (2015) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6 · Cited by 2,075 · see citing works

The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia

Iadecola, C. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008 · Cited by 1,857 · see citing works

Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability

Mehta, D., & Malik, A. B. (2005) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2005 · Cited by 1,711 · see citing works

Untitled work

(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,512 · see citing works

Diffusion in Brain Extracellular Space

Syková, E., & Nicholson, C. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00027.2007 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works

Specialized Membrane Domains for Water Transport in Glial Cells: High-Resolution Immunogold Cytochemistry of Aquaporin-4 in Rat Brain

Nielsen, S. M., Nagelhus, E. A., Amiry-Moghaddam, M. R., Bourque, C. W., Agre, P. C., & Ottersen, O. P. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00171.1997 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works

Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI

Iliff, J. J., Lee, H., Yu, M., Feng, T., Logan, J., Nedergaard, M., & Benveniste, H. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci67677 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works

Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration

Thorne, R. G., Pronk, G. J., Padmanabhan, V., & Frey, W. H. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.029 · Cited by 958 · see citing works

The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: An electron microscopic 3D reconstruction

Mathiisen, T. M., Lehre, K. P., Danbolt, N. C., & Ottersen, O. P. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20990 · Cited by 917 · see citing works

Growth factors in the extracellular matrix

Taipale, J., & Keski‐Oja, J. (1997) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.11.1.9034166 · Cited by 916 · see citing works

Blood–brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery

Abbott, N. J. (2013) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1007/s10545-013-9608-0 · Cited by 913 · see citing works

Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease

Doubal, F. N., MacLullich, A. M. J., Ferguson, K. J., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.564914 · Cited by 904 · see citing works

The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

Engelhardt, B., Vajkoczy, P., & Weller, R. O. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3666 · Cited by 893 · see citing works

A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Brinker, T., Stopa, E., Morrison, J., & Klinge, P. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-10 · Cited by 819 · see citing works

Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier

Huber, J. D., Egleton, R. D., & Davis, T. P. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02004-x · Cited by 790 · see citing works

Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology

Abbott, N. J. (2004) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.006 · Cited by 786 · see citing works

Ion diffusion modified by tortuosity and volume fraction in the extracellular microenvironment of the rat cerebellum.

Nicholson, C., & Phillips, J. M. (1981) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013981 · Cited by 785 · see citing works

What is immune privilege (not)?

Galea, I., Bechmann, I., & Perry, V. H. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004 · Cited by 768 · see citing works

Evidence for a ‘Paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space

Rennels, M. L., Gregory, T. F., Blaumanis, O. R., Fujimoto, K., & Grady, P. A. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6 · Cited by 752 · see citing works

Aquaporin‐4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema

Papadopoulos, M. C., Manley, G. T., Krishna, S., & Verkman, A. S. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-1723fje · Cited by 749 · see citing works

Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance.

Jung, J. S., Bhat, R. V., Preston, G. M., Guggino, W. B., Baraban, J. M., & Agre, P. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.13052 · Cited by 714 · see citing works

Garbage Truck of the Brain

Nedergaard, M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240514 · Cited by 704 · see citing works

Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi chamber. South Africa.

Berger, L. R., Hawks, J., de Ruiter, D. J., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Delezene, L. K., Kivell, T. L., Garvin, H. M., Williams, S. A., DeSilva, J. M., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.09560 · Cited by 703 · see citing works

SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease: Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid‐β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease

Weller, R. O., Subash, M., Preston, S., Mazanti, I., & Carare, R. O. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00133.x · Cited by 682 · see citing works

Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology

Carare, R. O., Bernardes‐Silva, M., Newman, T. A., Page, A. M., Nicoll, J. A. R., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2008) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x · Cited by 665 · see citing works

<i>In vivo</i> diffusion analysis with quantum dots and dextrans predicts the width of brain extracellular space

Thorne, R. G., & Nicholson, C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509425103 · Cited by 641 · see citing works

Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-26 · Cited by 633 · see citing works

Physiology of the cerebro-spinal fluid

(1967) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.43.501.508 · Cited by 620 · see citing works

Tight junctions and the modulation of barrier function in disease

Förster, C. Y. (2008) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0424-9 · Cited by 617 · see citing works

Dystroglycan: from biosynthesis to pathogenesis of human disease

Barresi, R., & Campbell, K. P. (2006) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02814 · Cited by 598 · see citing works

Brain barriers: Crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions

Tietz, S., & Engelhardt, B. (2015) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201412147 · Cited by 551 · see citing works

Aquaporins in Brain: Distribution, Physiology, and Pathophysiology

Badaut, J., Lasbennes, F., Magistretti, P. J., & Regli, L. (2002) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200204000-00001 · Cited by 536 · see citing works

CSF drains directly from the subarachnoid space into nasal lymphatics in the rat. Anatomy, histology and immunological significance

Kida, S., Pantazis, A., & Weller, R. O. (1993) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00476.x · Cited by 520 · see citing works

Endothelial Cell Laminin Isoforms, Laminins 8 and 10, Play Decisive Roles in T Cell Recruitment across the Blood–Brain Barrier in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Sixt, M., Engelhardt, B., Pausch, F., Hallmann, R., Wendler, O., & Sorokin, L. M. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.153.5.933 · Cited by 504 · see citing works

Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum.

(1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 463 · see citing works

THE IMPACT OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN ON THE DISPOSITION OF DRUGS TARGETED FOR INDICATIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: EVALUATION USING THE MDR1A/1B KNOCKOUT MOUSE MODEL

Doran, A. C., Obach, R. S., Smith, B. J., Hosea, N. A., Becker, S. L., Callegari, E., Chen, C., Chen, X., Choo, E. F., Cianfrogna, J. A., et al. (2004) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.104.001230 · Cited by 443 · see citing works

Ultrastructural analysis of adult mouse neocortex comparing aldehyde perfusion with cryo fixation

Korogod, N., Petersen, C. C., & Knott, G. W. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05793 · Cited by 408 · see citing works

Inspiration is the major regulator of human CSF flow.

Dreha-Kulaczewski, S., Joseph, A. A., Merboldt, K.-D., Ludwig, H.-C., Gärtner, J., & Frahm, J. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3246-14.2015 · Cited by 405 · cited 1× · see citing works

The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Harik, S. I. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.1.173-a · Cited by 389 · see citing works

Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep-wake cycle

Ding, F., O’Donnell, J., Xu, Q., Kang, N., Goldman, N., & Nedergaard, M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad4821 · Cited by 383 · see citing works

Ascorbic-acid transporter Slc23a1 is essential for vitamin C transport into the brain and for perinatal survival

Sotiriou, S., Gispert, S., Cheng, J., Wang, Y., Chen, A., Hoogstraten-Miller, S., Miller, G. F., Kwon, O., Levine, M., Guttentag, S. H., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/0502-514 · Cited by 367 · see citing works

Is There a Cerebral Lymphatic System?

Iliff, J. J., & Nedergaard, M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.678698 · Cited by 366 · see citing works

Test of the 'glymphatic' hypothesis demonstrates diffusive and aquaporin-4-independent solute transport in rodent brain parenchyma

Smith, A. J., Yao, X., Dix, J. A., Jin, B.-J., & Verkman, A. S. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.27679 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system

Engelhardt, B., Carare, R. O., Bechmann, I., Flügel, A., Laman, J. D., & Weller, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Drainage of interstitial fluid from different regions of rat brain

Szentistvanyi, I., Patlak, C. S., Ellis, R. A., & Cserr, H. F. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1984.246.6.f835 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

The Intracerebral Movement of Proteins Injected into Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice

Brightman, M. (1968) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64147-3 · Cited by 351 · see citing works

Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Davson, H., Welch, K., & Segal, M. B. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 347 · see citing works

Glial-conditional deletion of aquaporin-4 ( Aqp4 ) reduces blood–brain water uptake and confers barrier function on perivascular astrocyte endfeet

Haj‐Yasein, N. N., Vindedal, G. F., Eilert‐Olsen, M., Gundersen, G. A., Skare, Ø., Laake, P., Klungland, A., Thorén, A. E., Burkhardt, J. M., Ottersen, O. P., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1110655108 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

Cortical neurons immunoreactive for the potassium channel Kv3.1b subunit are predominantly surrounded by perineuronal nets presumed as a buffering system for cations

Härtig, W., Derouiche, A., Welt, K., Brauer, K., Grosche, J., Mäder, M., Reichenbach, A., & Brückner, G. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01784-9 · Cited by 339 · see citing works

Drainage of cerebral interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit

Bradbury, M. W., Cserr, H. F., & Westrop, R. J. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.4.f329 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

Immunologic Privilege in the Central Nervous System and the Blood–Brain Barrier

Muldoon, L. L., Alvarez, J. I., Begley, D. J., Boado, R. J., del Zoppo, G. J., Doolittle, N. D., Engelhardt, B., Hallenbeck, J. M., Lonser, R. R., Ohlfest, J. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.153 · Cited by 327 · see citing works

Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain

Cserr, H. F., Cooper, D. N., Suri, P. K., & Patlak, C. S. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.4.f319 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

EXPERIMENTAL HYDROCEPHALUS

DANDY, W. E. (1919) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-191908000-00001 · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Diffusion of Macromolecules in the Brain: Implications for Drug Delivery

Wolak, D. J., & Thorne, R. G. (2013) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp300495e · Cited by 299 · see citing works

Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: Is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?

Koh, L., Zakharov, A., & Johnston, M. G. (2005) · Cerebrospinal Fluid Research · doi:10.1186/1743-8454-2-6 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bering, E. A. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03130250094035 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

Fluid and ion transfer across the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers; a comparative account of mechanisms and roles

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2016) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-016-0040-3 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain

Morris, A. W. J., Sharp, M. M., Albargothy, N. J., Fernandes, R., Hawkes, C. A., Verma, A., Weller, R. O., & Carare, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1555-z · Cited by 289 · see citing works

Interstitial solute transport in 3D reconstructed neuropil occurs by diffusion rather than bulk flow

Holter, K. E., Kehlet, B., Devor, A., Sejnowski, T. J., Dale, A. M., Omholt, S. W., Ottersen, O. P., Nagelhus, E. A., Mardal, K.-A., & Pettersen, K. H. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1706942114 · Cited by 282 · see citing works

Glymphatic solute transport does not require bulk flow

Asgari, M., de Zélicourt, D., & Kurtcuoglu, V. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38635 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

Pathways of Fluid Drainage from the Brain ‐ Morphological Aspects and Immunological Significance in Rat and Man

Weller, R. O., Kida, S., & Zhang, E. (1992) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00704.x · Cited by 279 · see citing works

Intrathecal antibody distribution in the rat brain: surface diffusion, perivascular transport and osmotic enhancement of delivery

Pizzo, M. E., Wolak, D. J., Kumar, N. N., Brunette, E., Brunnquell, C. L., Hannocks, M., Abbott, N. J., Meyerand, M. E., Sorokin, L., Stanimirovic, D. B., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275105 · Cited by 272 · see citing works

The cerebrospinal fluid production rate is reduced in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

Silverberg, G. D., Heit, G., Huhn, S. L., Jaffe, R., Chang, S. D., Bronte-Stewart, H. M., Rubenstein, E., Possin, K. L., & Saul, T. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1763 · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Hindered diffusion of high molecular weight compounds in brain extracellular microenvironment measured with integrative optical imaging

Nicholson, C., & Tao, L. (1993) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81324-9 · Cited by 266 · see citing works

Endothelial basement membrane laminin α5 selectively inhibits T lymphocyte extravasation into the brain

Wu, C., Ivars, F., Anderson, P. O., Hallmann, R., Vestweber, D., Nilsson, P., Robenek, H., Tryggvason, K., Song, J., Korpos, É., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1957 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Rapid Transport within Cerebral Perivascular Spaces Underlies Widespread Tracer Distribution in the Brain after Intranasal Administration

Lochhead, J. J., Wolak, D. J., Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.215 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges of the adult rat central nervous system.

Stylianopoulou, F., Herbert, J., Soares, M. B., & Efstratiadis, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.141 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

The Cranial Arachnoid and Pia Mater in Man: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Observations

Alcolado, R., Weller, R. O., Parrish, E. P., & Garrod, D. R. (1988) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1988.tb00862.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works

Characterisation of interface astroglial scarring in the human brain after blast exposure: a post-mortem case series

Shively, S. B., Horkayne‐Szakaly, I., Jones, R. V., Kelly, J. P., Armstrong, R. C., & Perl, D. P. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30057-6 · Cited by 244 · see citing works

Flow of cerebral interstitial fluid as indicated by the removal of extracellular markers from rat caudate nucleus

Cserr, H. F., Cooper, D. N., & Milhorat, T. H. (1977) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(77)80041-9 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Capillary and arterial cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: defining the perivascular route for the elimination of amyloid β from the human brain

Preston, S., Steart, P. V., Wilkinson, A., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Weller, R. O. (2003) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00424.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works

The effects of some inhibitors and accelerators of sodium transport on the turnover of 22Na in the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain

Davson, H., & Segal, M. B. (1970) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009159 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by the ventricular ependyma of the rabbit

Pollay, M., & Curl, F. D. (1967) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.1031 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Circadian variation in human cerebrospinal fluid production measured by magnetic resonance imaging

Nilsson, C., Ståhlberg, F., Thomsen, C., Henriksen, O. M., Herning, M., & Owman, C. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.1.r20 · Cited by 234 · see citing works

Integrin–Matrix Interactions in the Cerebral Microvasculature

del Zoppo, G. J., & Milner, R. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000232525.65682.a2 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Pathology and new players in the pathogenesis of brain edema

Nag, S., Manias, J. L., & Stewart, D. J. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0541-0 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Bulk flow of interstitial fluid after intracranial injection of Blue Dextran 2000

Cserr, H. F., & Ostrach, L. H. (1974) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(74)90099-5 · Cited by 224 · see citing works

Vascular dementia: Different forms of vessel disorders contribute to the development of dementia in the elderly brain

Thal, D. R., Grinberg, L. T., & Attems, J. (2012) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.023 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Fate of Cerebrospinal Fluid‐Borne Amyloid β‐Peptide: Rapid Clearance into Blood and Appreciable Accumulation by Cerebral Arteries

Ghersi‐Egea, J. ‐., Gorevic, P. D., Ghiso, J., Frangione, B., Patlak, C. S., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67020880.x · Cited by 222 · cited 1× · see citing works

High Melatonin Concentrations in Third Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Are Not due to Galen Vein Blood Recirculating through the Choroid Plexus1

Skinner, D. C., & Malpaux, B. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.10.7074 · Cited by 221 · see citing works

Extracellular space of brain as determined by diffusion of inulin from the ventricular system

Rall, D. P., OPPELT, W. W., & Patlak, C. S. (1962) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(62)90104-2 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by choroid plexus of the rabbit

Welch, K. (1963) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.3.617 · Cited by 219 · see citing works

A balanced view of choroid plexus structure and function: Focus on adult humans

Spector, R., Keep, R. F., Snodgrass, S. R., Smith, Q. R., & Johanson, C. E. (2015) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.032 · Cited by 218 · see citing works

Organophosphate-induced brain damage: Mechanisms, neuropsychiatric and neurological consequences, and potential therapeutic strategies

Chen, Y. (2012) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.011 · Cited by 215 · see citing works

Distribution of extracellular tracers in perivascular spaces of the rat brain

Ichimura, T., Fraser, P. A., & Cserr, H. F. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91275-6 · Cited by 215 · see citing works

Aquaporin and brain diseases

Badaut, J., Fukuda, A. M., Jullienne, A., & Petry, K. G. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.032 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

Factors influencing exit of substances from cerebrospinal fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit.

Bradbury, M. W. B., & Westrop, R. J. (1983) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014731 · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid under normal and hyperosmolar conditions

Rosenberg, G. A., Kyner, W. T., & Estrada, E. (1980) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1980.238.1.f42 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Melatonin Enters the Cerebrospinal Fluid through the Pineal Recess

Tricoire-Leignel, H., Locatelli, A., Chemineau, P., & Malpaux, B. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.1.8585 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Measurements of dog blood-brain transfer constants by ventriculocisternal perfusion

Patlak, C. S., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1975) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.4.877 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Die Feinstruktur des molekularen Rindengraues und ihre physiologische Bedeutung

Horstmann, E., & Meves, H. (1959) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00338866 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Spatial model of convective solute transport in brain extracellular space does not support a “glymphatic” mechanism

Jin, B.-J., Smith, A. J., & Verkman, A. S. (2016) · Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.201611684 · Cited by 204 · see citing works

Sucrose and inulin space measurements of cerebral cortex in four mammalian species

Levin, V. Y., Fenstermacher, J. D., & Patlak, C. S. (1970) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.5.1528 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Molecular characterization of perivascular drainage pathways in the murine brain

Hannocks, M.-J., Pizzo, M. E., Huppert, J., Deshpande, T., Abbott, N. J., Thorne, R. G., & Sorokin, L. (2018) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x17749689 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Neural regulation of the circadian vasopressin rhythm in cerebrospinal fluid: a pre-eminent role for the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Schwartz, W., & Reppert, S. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-10-02771.1985 · Cited by 195 · see citing works

Penetration and removal of horseradish peroxidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid: Role of cerebral perivascular spaces, endothelium and microglia

Wagner, H. J., Pilgrim, C., & Brandl, J. (1974) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00690695 · Cited by 189 · see citing works

General Anesthesia Inhibits the Activity of the “Glymphatic System”

Gakuba, C., Gaberel, T., Goursaud, S., Bourgès, J., Palma, C. D., Quenault, A., de Lizarrondo, S. M., Vivien, D., & Gauberti, M. (2017) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.19154 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke

Dreier, J. P., Lemâle, C. L., Kola, V., Friedman, A., & Schoknecht, K. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.027 · Cited by 187 · see citing works

Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury

Winkler, E. A., Minter, D. J., Yue, J. K., & Manley, G. T. (2016) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.05.008 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Diffusion of Epidermal Growth Factor in Rat Brain Extracellular Space Measured by Integrative Optical Imaging

Thorne, R. G., Hrabětová, S., & Nicholson, C. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00352.2004 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Studies of cerebrospinal fluid flow and penetration into brain following lateral ventricle and cisterna magna injections of the tracer [14C]inulin in rat

Proescholdt, M. G., Hutto, B., Brady, L. S., & Herkenham, M. A. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00417-0 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa vasorum

Zervas, N. T., Liszczak, T. M., Mayberg, M. R., & Black, P. M. (1982) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1982.56.4.0475 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

Delivery of pineal melatonin to the brain and SCN: role of canaliculi, cerebrospinal fluid, tanycytes and Virchow–Robin perivascular spaces

Reiter, R. J., Tan, D. X., Kim, S. J., & Cruz, M. H. C. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0719-7 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Extracellular sheets and tunnels modulate glutamate diffusion in hippocampal neuropil

Kinney, J. P., Špaček, J., Bartol, T. M., Bajaj, C., Harris, K. M., & B, T. J. S. A. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23181 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

The Extracellular Space in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

Harreveld, A. V. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-119284-6.50015-4 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Rapid distribution of intraventricularly administered sucrose into cerebrospinal fluid cisterns via subarachnoid velae in rat

Ghersi‐Egea, J., Finnegan, W., Chen, J.-L., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00281-3 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

The cell biology of prion-like spread of protein aggregates: mechanisms and implication in neurodegeneration

Costanzo, M., & Zurzolo, C. (2013) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20121898 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production

Milhorat, T. H. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.166.3912.1514 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Aquaporin-4-Deficient Mice Have Increased Extracellular Space without Tortuosity Change

Yao, X., Hrabětová, S., Nicholson, C., & Manley, G. T. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0257-08.2008 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Outcome markers for clinical trials in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Greenberg, S. M., Salman, R. A., Biessels, G. J., van Buchem, M. A., Cordonnier, C., Lee, J., Montaner, J., Schneider, J. A., Smith, E. E., Vernooij, M. W., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70003-1 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

On the mode of entry of blood vessels into the cerebral cortex.

Jones, E. G. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Is phosphorylated tau unique to chronic traumatic encephalopathy? Phosphorylated tau in epileptic brain and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Puvenna, V., Engeler, M., Banjara, M., Brennan, C., Schreiber, P., Dadas, A., Bahrami, A., Solanki, J., Bandyopadhyay, A., Morris, J. K., et al. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.007 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Brain Extracellular Space and the Sink Action of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Oldendorf, W. H. (1967) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470260086010 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Brain and Spinal MR Imaging Findings in Mucopolysaccharidoses: A Review

Zafeiriou, D., & Batzios, S. P. (2012) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2832 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

In vivo diffusion of lactoferrin in brain extracellular space is regulated by interactions with heparan sulfate

Thorne, R. G., Lakkaraju, A., Rodriguez-Boulan, E. J., & Nicholson, C. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711345105 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

How does parkinson's disease begin? Perspectives on neuroanatomical pathways, prions, and histology

Borghammer, P. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27138 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicles: interneural shuttles of complex messages

Krämer-Albers, E.-M., & Hill, A. F. (2016) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.016 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Effect of MT1 melatonin receptor deletion on melatonin‐mediated phase shift of circadian rhythms in the C57BL/6 mouse

Dubocovich, M. L., Hudson, R. L., Sumaya, I. C., Masana, M. I., & Manna, E. (2005) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00230.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Intracerebral Transplantation of Porcine Choroid Plexus Provides Structural and Functional Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Stroke

Borlongan, C. V., Skinner, S. J. M., Geaney, M. S., Vasconcellos, A. V., Elliott, R. B., & Emerich, D. F. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000138954.25825.0b · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Quantitative studies of the passage of different substances out of the cerebro‐spinal fluid

Davson, H., Kleeman, C. R., & Levin, Е. (1962) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006877 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics in the Central Nervous System

Sweetman, B., & Linninger, A. A. (2010) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-010-0141-0 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicle communication pathways as regulatory targets of oncogenic transformation

Choi, D., Lee, T. H., Spinelli, C., Chennakrishnaiah, S., D’Asti, E., & Rak, J. W. (2017) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.003 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Induction of aquaporin 1 but not aquaporin 4 messenger RNA in rat primary brain microvessel endothelial cells in culture

Dolman, D. E. M., Drndarski, S., Abbott, N. J., & Rattray, M. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03111.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works

The immunogenicity of intracerebral virus infection depends on anatomical site

Stevenson, P. G., Hawke, S., Sloan, D. J., & Bangham, C. R. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.1.145-151.1997 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Calcium diffusion enhanced after cleavage of negatively charged components of brain extracellular matrix by chondroitinase ABC

Hrabětová, S., Masri, D., Tao, L., Xiao, F., & Nicholson, C. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.170092 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Tau pathology-dependent remodelling of cerebral arteries precedes Alzheimer’s disease-related microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Merlini, M., Wanner, D., & Nitsch, R. M. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1560-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Dilated perivascular spaces: hallmarks of mild traumatic brain injury.

Inglese, M., Bomsztyk, E. D., Gonen, O., Mannon, L. J., Grossman, R. I., & Rusinek, H. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Potential Modes of Intercellular α-Synuclein Transmission

Valdinocci, D., Radford, R. A. W., Siow, S. M., Chung, R. S., & Pountney, D. L. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18020469 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Development and Resolution of Ischemic Brain Swelling

Hossmann, K. A. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_35 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Diffusion and action of intracerebroventricularly injected interleukin-1 in the CNS

Konsman, J. P., Tridon, V., & Dantzer, R. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00403-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

THE PENETRATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID INTO THE SPINAL GANGLIA, PERIPHERAL NERVES, AND PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brierley, J. B. (1950) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.13.3.203 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Compartments and perivascular arrangement of the meninges covering the cerebral cortex of the rat

Krisch, B., Leonhardt, H., & Oksche, A. (1984) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00219861 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Blood vessels and tissue space associated with the brain of the rat

Frederickson, R. G., & Low, F. N. (1969) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001250202 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Arterial Pulsations cannot Drive Intramural Periarterial Drainage: Significance for Aβ Drainage

Diem, A. K., Sharp, M. M., Gatherer, M., Bressloff, N. W., Carare, R. O., & Richardson, G. W. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00475 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Studies on the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid : I. Introduction.

Cushing, H. (1914) · PubMed · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Probing the extracellular diffusion of antibodies in brain using in vivo integrative optical imaging and ex vivo fluorescence imaging

Wolak, D. J., Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.034 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

The nasal mucosa and the subarachnoid space

Faber, W. M. (1937) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1000620106 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Vitamin C Transporters, Recycling and the Bystander Effect in the Nervous System: SVCT2 versus Gluts

Nualart, F. (2014) · Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7633.1000209 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Continuous intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure recording in hydrocephalic children during wakefulness and sleep

Rocco, C. D., McLone, D. G., Shimoji, T., & Raimondi, A. J. (1975) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1975.42.6.0683 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Cellular mechanisms of protein aggregate propagation

Holmes, B. B., & Diamond, M. I. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32835a3ee0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Woollam, D. H. M., & Millen, J. W. (1954) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1954.tb00597.x · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. I. Spinal cord levels

Cloyd, M. W., & Low, F. N. (1974) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901530402 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

CSF generation by pineal gland results in a robust melatonin circadian rhythm in the third ventricle as an unique light/dark signal

Tan, D., Manchester, L. C., & Reiter, R. J. (2015) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.018 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

The Movements of Water and Solutes in the Brains of Mammals

Fenstermacher, J. D., & Patlak, C. S. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_16 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Clearance of brain edema and macromolecules through the cortical extracellular space

Ohata, K., & Marmarou, A. (1992) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1992.77.3.0387 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

An emerging role of mast cells in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage

Strbian, D., Kovanen, P. T., Karjalainen‐Lindsberg, M., Tatlisumak, T., & Lindsberg, P. J. (2009) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890902887303 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Venular degeneration leads to vascular dysfunction in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease

Lai, A. Y., Dorr, A. E., Thomason, L. A. M., Koletar, M. M., Sled, J. G., Stefanovic, B., & McLaurin, J. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv023 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Relation of potassium concentration in choroidplexus fluid to that in plasma.

Ames, A., Higashi, K., & Nesbett, F. B. (1965) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007779 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Melatonin from Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not from Blood Reaches Sheep Cerebral Tissues Under Physiological Conditions

Legros, C., Chesneau, D., Boutin, J. A., Barc, C., & Malpaux, B. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12134 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Brain Drain

Nedergaard, M., & Goldman, S. A. (2016) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0316-44 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Convection of Cerebral Interstitial Fluid and Its Role in Brain Volume Regulation

Cserr, H. F., Depasquale, M. J., Patlak, C. S., & Pullen, R. G. L. (1986) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27144.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works

A brief history of prions

Zabel, M. D., & Meyerett-Reid, C. (2015) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftv087 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The measurement of CSF flow through the aqueduct in normal and hydrocephalic children: from where does it come, to where does it go?

Bateman, G. A., & Brown, K. M. (2011) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1617-4 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

The meningeal compartments of the median eminence and the cortex

Krisch, B., Leonhardt, H., & Oksche, A. (1983) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00211479 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Ultrastructural Findings in Human Spinal Pia Mater in Relation to Subarachnoid Anesthesia

Reina, M. Á., Casasola, O. D. L., Villanueva, M. C., pez, A. S. L., s, F. M., & s, J. A. D. A. (2004) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000113240.09354.e9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Diurnal Variation in P-glycoprotein-Mediated Transport and Cerebrospinal Fluid Turnover in the Brain

Kervezee, L., Hartman, R., van den Berg, D., Shimizu, S., Yamamoto, Y., Meijer, J. H., & de Lange, E. C. M. (2014) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-014-9625-4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

The Protective Effect of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury is Associated with PI3K/Akt Pathway and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels

Qu, Y.-Y., Yuan, M.-Y., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., & Zhu, Y. (2014) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1456-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Albumin Exchange Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cutler, R. W. P., Deuel, R. K., & Barlow, C. F. (1967) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470270039006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Drug Delivery to the Brain: Physiological Concepts, Methodologies, and Approaches

Samala, R., Noorani, B., Thorsheim, H. R., Bickel, U., & Smith, Q. R. (2022) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_10 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Secretion and Bulk Flow of Interstitial Fluid

Cserr, H. F., & Patlak, C. S. (1992) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid of brain.

Cserr, H. F. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 56 · see citing works

The brain's interstitial clefts and their glial walls

Brightman, M. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1025783326667 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: vasogenic rather than cellular?

Tasker, R. C., & Acerini, C. L. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12153 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Decompressive craniectomy in acute brain injury

Brown, D. A., & Wijdicks, E. F. M. (2017) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63600-3.00016-7 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Hourly variability of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease subjects and healthy older volunteers

Slats, D., Claassen, J. A. H. R., Spies, P. E., Borm, G. F., Besse, K., van Aalst, W., Tseng, J., Sjögren, M. J. C., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., & Verbeek, M. M. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.008 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Muddying the water in brain edema?

Smith, A. J., Jin, B., & Verkman, A. S. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Uptake Into Choroid Plexus and Brain of Young and Old Sheep

Chen, R., Kassem, N. A., Sadeghi, M., & Preston, J. E. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.2.141 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Functional Role of Connexins and Pannexins in the Interaction Between Vascular and Nervous System

Gaete, P. S., Lillo, M. A., & Figueroa, X. F. (2014) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24563 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

The spread of brain oedema in hypertensive brain injury.

Kalimo, H., Fredriksson, K. A., Nordborg, C., Auer, R. N., Olsson, Y., & Johansson, B. B. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Ascorbic-acid transporter Slc23a1 is essential for vitamin C transport into the brain and for perinatal survival

Sotiriou, S., Gispert, S., Cheng, J., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0502-514 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

An immunocytochemical study of protein clearance in brain infusion edema

Ohata, K., Marmarou, A., & Povlishock, J. T. (1990) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00334505 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Dynamic regulation of aquaporin-4 water channels in neurological disorders

Hsu, Y., Tran, M., & Linninger, A. A. (2015) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2015.56.401 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

The nexus of vitamin homeostasis and DNA synthesis and modification in mammalian brain

Spector, R., & Johanson, C. E. (2014) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/1756-6606-7-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2) Expression and Activity in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells after Transient Ischemia in Mice

Gess, B., Sevimli, S., Strecker, J., Young, P., & Schäbitz, W. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017139 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Decrease of Transthyretin Synthesis at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier of Old Sheep

Chen, R. L., Athauda, S. B. P., Kassem, N. A., Zhang, Y., Segal, M. B., & Preston, J. E. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.7.852 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

The brain and the lymphatic system (I).

Földi, M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

Prell, G. D., Khandelwal, J. K., Burns, R. S., & Green, J. P. (1989) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/bf01967291 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurology and Psychiatry

(1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3372-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Progress in Drug Treatment of Cerebral Edema

Y. Deng, Y., C. Shen, F., Xie, D., P. Han, Q., Fang, M., B. Chen, C., & K. Zeng, H. (2016) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557516666160304151233 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal fluid neurohypophysial peptides in benign intracranial hypertension.

Seckl, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (1988) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.12.1538 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Collective Wisdom of Ants

Gordon, D. M. (2016) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0216-44 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

How doth the little busy bee: unexpected metabolism

Barros, L. F., Sierralta, J. A., & Weber, B. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Electrolyte Transport

Schielke, G. P., & Betz, A. L. (1992) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Optimising ovine cerebrospinal fluid preparation for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Chen, R. L., Sage, E. A., Dunn, M. J., Wait, R., & Preston, J. E. (2006) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200500623 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The proximal straight tubule (PST) basolateral cell membrane water channel: Selectivity characteristics

Guti�rrez, A. M., Gonz�lez, E., Echevarr�a, M., Hern�ndez, C. S., & Guillermo Whittembury, M. (1995) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00233447 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN THE INTACT CAT BRAIN

Barkai, A. I., Glusman, M., & Rapport, M. M. (1972) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)29172-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Reduced Brain Delivery of Homovanillic Acid to Cerebrospinal Fluid During Human Aging

Rapoport, S. I., Schapiro, M. B., & May, C. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.11.1721 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Vitamin Transport Diseases of Brain: Focus on Folates, Thiamine and Riboflavin

Spector, R. (2014) · Brain Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2168-975x.1000120 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Cellular Prion Protein: Biochemistry, Topology, and Physiologic Functions

Griffoni, C., Toni, M., Spisni, E., Bianco, M. C., Santi, S., Riccio, M., & Tomasi, V. (2003) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1385/cbb:38:3:287 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Extracellular and Perivascular Spaces of the Brain

Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2017) · Brain Edema · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803196-4.00006-0 · Cited by 15 · cited 5× · see citing works

Prions mediated neurodegenerative disorders.

Wj, H., Ww, C., & Zhang, X. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Cerebral magnetic resonance findings during enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis

Matsubara, Y., Miyazaki, O., Kosuga, M., Okuyama, T., & Nosaka, S. (2017) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-017-3935-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The History of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Deisenhammer, F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01225-4_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders.

Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30318-1 · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Profaci, C. P., Munji, R. N., Pulido, R. S., & Daneman, R. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190062 · Cited by 781 · see citing works

Increased glymphatic influx is correlated with high EEG delta power and low heart rate in mice under anesthesia

Hablitz, L. M., Vinitsky, H. S., Sun, Q., Stæger, F. F., Sigurdsson, B., Mortensen, K. N., Lilius, T. O., & Nedergaard, M. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav5447 · Cited by 629 · see citing works

The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology

Hablitz, L. M., & Nedergaard, M. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0619-21.2021 · Cited by 480 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a review of the historical and contemporary evidence for arachnoid villi, perineural routes, and dural lymphatics

Proulx, S. T. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03706-5 · Cited by 400 · see citing works

Targeting the transferrin receptor for brain drug delivery

Johnsen, K. B., Burkhart, A., Thomsen, L. B., Andresen, T. L., & Moos, T. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101665 · Cited by 372 · see citing works

The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling

Bohr, T., Hjorth, P. G., Holst, S. C., Hrabětová, S., Kiviniemi, V. J., Lilius, T. O., Lundgaard, I., Mardal, K., Martens, E. A., Mori, Y., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104987 · Cited by 381 · see citing works

Brain delivery of therapeutic proteins using an Fc fragment blood-brain barrier transport vehicle in mice and monkeys

Kariolis, M. S., Wells, R. C., Getz, J. A., Kwan, W., Mahon, C. S., Tong, R. K., Kim, D. J., Srivastava, A., Bédard, C., Henne, K. R., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay1359 · Cited by 356 · see citing works

Understanding the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease

Brown, R., Benveniste, H., Black, S. E., Charpak, S., Dichgans, M., Joutel, A., Nedergaard, M., Smith, K. J., Zloković, B. V., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2018) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy113 · Cited by 342 · see citing works

Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain

Aldea, R., Weller, R. O., Wilcock, D. M., Carare, R. O., & Richardson, G. W. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00001 · Cited by 335 · see citing works

The anatomy and immunology of vasculature in the central nervous system

Mastorakos, P., & McGavern, D. (2019) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aav0492 · Cited by 333 · see citing works

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial pressure elevation in neurological diseases

Bothwell, S. W., Janigro, D., & Patabendige, A. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0129-6 · Cited by 331 · see citing works

Convective influx/glymphatic system: tracers injected into the CSF enter and leave the brain along separate periarterial basement membrane pathways

Albargothy, N. J., Johnston, D. A., MacGregor-Sharp, M., Weller, R. O., Verma, A., Hawkes, C. A., & Carare, R. O. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1862-7 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Contributions of the glycocalyx, endothelium, and extravascular compartment to the blood–brain barrier

Kutuzov, N. P., Flyvbjerg, H., & Lauritzen, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1802155115 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

The glymphatic hypothesis: the theory and the evidence

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2022) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-021-00282-z · Cited by 271 · see citing works

Neurodegenerative diseases and effective drug delivery: A review of challenges and novel therapeutics

Akhtar, A., Andleeb, A., Waris, T. S., Bazzar, M., Moradi, A., Awan, N. R., & Yar, M. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.021 · Cited by 244 · see citing works

Brain Microvascular Pericytes in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Uemura, M. T., Maki, T., Ihara, M., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00080 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases

Lohela, T. J., Lilius, T. O., & Nedergaard, M. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00500-9 · Cited by 246 · see citing works

Rapid lymphatic efflux limits cerebrospinal fluid flow to the brain

Ma, Q., Ries, M., Decker, Y., Müller, A., Riner, C., Bücker, A., Fassbender, K., Detmar, M., & Proulx, S. T. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1916-x · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Non-invasive MR imaging of human brain lymphatic networks with connections to cervical lymph nodes

Albayram, S., Smith, G., Tufan, F., Tuna, İ. S., Bostancıklıoğlu, M., Zile, M. R., & Albayram, Ö. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27887-0 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Molecular mechanisms of brain water transport

MacAulay, N. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00454-8 · Cited by 229 · see citing works

The meninges as barriers and facilitators for the movement of fluid, cells and pathogens related to the rodent and human CNS.

Weller, R. O., Sharp, M. M., Christodoulides, M., Carare, R. O., & Møllgård, K. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1809-z · Cited by 222 · see citing works

Astrocyte-immune cell interactions in physiology and pathology

Han, R. T., Kim, R. D., Molofsky, A. V., & Liddelow, S. A. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.01.013 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise: Maintaining a Healthy Brain Throughout Aging

Vecchio, L. M., Meng, Y., Xhima, K., Lipsman, N., Hamani, C., & Aubert, I. (2018) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-180069 · Cited by 230 · see citing works

Elimination of substances from the brain parenchyma: efflux via perivascular pathways and via the blood–brain barrier

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2018) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-018-0113-6 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Emergence and Developmental Roles of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Fame, R. M., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2020) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.027 · Cited by 201 · see citing works

Brain arteriolosclerosis

Blevins, B. L., Vinters, H. V., Love, S., Wilcock, D. M., Grinberg, L. T., Schneider, J. A., Kalaria, R. N., Katsumata, Y., Gold, B. T., Wang, D. J. J., et al. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-020-02235-6 · Cited by 204 · see citing works

Emerging roles for CNS fibroblasts in health, injury and disease

Dorrier, C., Jones, H. E., Pintarić, L., Siegenthaler, J. A., & Daneman, R. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00525-w · Cited by 194 · see citing works

Assessment of the DTI‐ALPS Parameter Along the Perivascular Space in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia

Steward, C. E., Venkatraman, V. K., LUI, E. H., Malpas, C. B., Ellis, K. A., Cyarto, E., Vivash, L. E., O'Brien, T. J., Velakoulis, D., Ames, D. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12837 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Hydrocephalus: historical analysis and considerations for treatment

Hochstetler, A., Raskin, J. S., & Blazer‐Yost, B. L. (2022) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-022-00798-6 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

The Role of Glymphatic System in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis

Buccellato, F. R., D’Anca, M., Serpente, M., Arighi, A., & Galimberti, D. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092261 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia

Jurisch-Yaksi, N., Yakşi, E., & Kizil, C. (2020) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23849 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Perivascular space dilation is associated with vascular amyloid-β accumulation in the overlying cortex

Perosa, V., Oltmer, J., Munting, L. P., Freeze, W. M., Auger, C. A., Scherlek, A. A., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Iglesias, J. E., Atzeni, A., Bacskai, B. J., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02393-1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Perivascular spaces and brain waste clearance systems: relevance for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathology

Gouveia-Freitas, K., & de Bastos-Leite, A. J. (2021) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02718-7 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Analysis of convective and diffusive transport in the brain interstitium

Ray, L., Iliff, J. J., & Heys, J. J. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0126-9 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Glial Connexins and Pannexins in the Healthy and Diseased Brain

Giaume, C., Naus, C. C., Sáez, J. C., & Leybaert, L. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00043.2018 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Anatomy and function of the vertebral column lymphatic network in mice

Jacob, L., Boisserand, L. S. B., Geraldo, L. H. M., de Brito Neto, J., Mathivet, T., Antila, S., Barka, B., Xu, Y., Thomas, J.-M., Pestel, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12568-w · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Perivascular spaces and their role in neuroinflammation

Ineichen, B. V., Okar, S. V., Proulx, S. T., Engelhardt, B., Lassmann, H., & Reich, D. S. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.024 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Emerging links between cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases—a special role for pericytes

Lendahl, U., Nilsson, P., & Betsholtz, C. (2019) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201948070 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

A Brief Overview of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System and Its Implications for Brain and Spinal Cord Diseases

Wichmann, T. O., Damkier, H. H., & Pedersen, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.737217 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Cleaning the sleeping brain – the potential restorative function of the glymphatic system

Hauglund, N. L., Pavan, C., & Nedergaard, M. (2020) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.10.020 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Sequential stages and distribution patterns of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in the human brain

Kovács, G. G., Xie, S. X., Robinson, J. L., Lee, E. B., Smith, D. H., Schuck, T., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0552-y · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Arterial pulsations drive oscillatory flow of CSF but not directional pumping

Kedarasetti, R. T., Drew, P. J., & Costanzo, F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66887-w · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Decreased pH in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease

Decker, Y., Németh, E., Schomburg, R., Chemla, A., Fülöp, L., Menger, M. D., Liu, Y., & Fassbender, K. C. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment

Yang, Q. Z., Wei, X., Deng, B., Chang, Z., Jin, D., Huang, Y., Zhang, J. H., Yenari, M. A., Jin, K., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105750 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Association of Dilated Perivascular Spaces With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia

Paradise, M., Crawford, J. D., Lam, B. C. P., Wen, W. X., Kochan, N. A., Makkar, S. R., Dawes, L. C., Trollor, J. N., Draper, B., Brodaty, H., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011537 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Current Concepts in Intracranial Interstitial Fluid Transport and the Glymphatic System: Part I—Anatomy and Physiology

Klostranec, J. M., Vucevic, D., Bhatia, K. D., Kortman, H. G. J., Krings, T., Murphy, K., terBrugge, K. G., & Mikulis, D. J. (2021) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2021202043 · Cited by 130 · see citing works

Brain pharmacology of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides revealed through multimodal imaging

Mazur, C., Powers, B., Zasadny, K., Sullivan, J. M., Dimant, H., Kamme, F., Hesterman, J., Matson, J., Oestergaard, M., Seaman, M., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.129240 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Slow Wave Sleep Is a Promising Intervention Target for Alzheimer’s Disease

Lee, Y. F., Gerashchenko, D., Timofeev, I., Bacskai, B. J., & Kastanenka, K. V. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00705 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

Development of the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier in zebrafish

Quiñonez-Silvero, C., Hübner, K., & Herzog, W. (2019) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Optimal Mass Transport with Lagrangian Workflow Reveals Advective and Diffusion Driven Solute Transport in the Glymphatic System

Koundal, S., Elkin, R., Nadeem, S., Xue, Y., Constantinou, S., Sanggaard, S., Liu, X., Monte, B., Xu, F., Nostrand, W. V., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59045-9 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

Ischemia–reperfusion injury in stroke: impact of the brain barriers and brain immune privilege on neutrophil function

Enzmann, G., Kargaran, S., & Engelhardt, B. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756286418794184 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

The Glymphatic System in Humans: Investigations With Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Naganawa, S., Taoka, T., Ito, R., & Kawamura, M. (2023) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/rli.0000000000000969 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Apparent diffusion coefficient changes in human brain during sleep – Does it inform on the existence of a glymphatic system?

Demiral, Ş. B., Tomasi, D. G., Sarlls, J. E., Lee, H., Wiers, C. E., Zehra, A., Srivastava, T., Ke, K., Kojori, E. S., Freeman, C. R., et al. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.043 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Meningeal Lymphatics: From Anatomy to Central Nervous System Immune Surveillance

Papadopoulos, Z., Herz, J., & Kipnis, J. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900838 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Glymphatic System as a Gateway to Connect Neurodegeneration From Periphery to CNS

Natale, G., Limanaqi, F., Busceti, C. L., Mastroiacovo, F., Nicoletti, F., Puglisi‐Allegra, S., & Fornai, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.639140 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Perivascular and Perineural Pathways Involved in Brain Delivery and Distribution of Drugs after Intranasal Administration

Lochhead, J. J., & Davis, T. P. (2019) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11110598 · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Convection-Enhanced Delivery: Connection to and Impact of Interstitial Fluid Flow

Stine, C. A., & Munson, J. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00966 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Glymphatic Cerebrospinal Fluid and Solute Transport Quantified by MRI and PET Imaging

Benveniste, H., Lee, H., Ozturk, B., Chen, X., Koundal, S., Vaska, P., Tannenbaum, A., & Volkow, N. D. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.014 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Autonomic arousals contribute to brain fluid pulsations during sleep

Picchioni, D., Özbay, P. S., Mandelkow, H., de Zwart, J. A., Wang, Y., van Gelderen, P., & Duyn, J. H. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118888 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

GFAP and S100B: What You Always Wanted to Know and Never Dared to Ask

Janigro, D., Mondello, S., Posti, J. P., & Undén, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.835597 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Impaired brain glymphatic flow in experimental hepatic encephalopathy

Hadjihambi, A., Harrison, I. F., Costas‐Rodríguez, M., Vanhaecke, F., Arias, N., Gallego‐Durán, R., Mastitskaya, S., Hosford, P. S., Damink, S. W. M. O., Davies, N. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.021 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Is the glymphatic system the missing link between sleep impairments and neurological disorders? Examining the implications and uncertainties

Christensen, J., Yamakawa, G. R., Shultz, S. R., & Mychasiuk, R. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101917 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Waste Clearance in the Brain

Kaur, J., Fahmy, L. M., Davoodi‐Bojd, E., Zhang, L., Ding, G., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., Chopp, M., & Jiang, Q. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2021.665803 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Treatment in Aging: Effects on Alzheimer’s disease Biomarkers, Cognition, Brain Structure and Neurophysiology

Mullins, A. E., Kam, K., Parekh, A., Bubu, O. M., Osorio, R. S., & Varga, A. W. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105054 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

The glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics of the brain: new understanding of brain clearance

Yankova, G., Bogomyakova, O. B., & Тулупов, А. А. (2021) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2020-0106 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Unveiling the Extracellular Space of the Brain: From Super-resolved Microstructure toIn VivoFunction

Hrabětová, S., Cognet, L., Rusakov, D. A., & Nägerl, U. V. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1664-18.2018 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

The Blood–Brain Barrier and Its Intercellular Junctions in Age-Related Brain Disorders

Costea, L., Mészáros, Á., Bauer, H., Bauer, H., Traweger, A., Wilhelm, I., Farkas, A. E., & Krizbai, I. A. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20215472 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

The meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system: Potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders

Li, G., Cao, Y., Tang, X., Huang, J., Cai, L., & Zhou, L. (2022) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x221098145 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

CD98hc is a target for brain delivery of biotherapeutics

Chew, K. S., Wells, R. C., Moshkforoush, A., Chan, D., Lechtenberg, K. J., Tran, H. L., Chow, J., Kim, D. J., Robles‐Colmenares, Y., Srivastava, D. B., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40681-4 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Delivery of immunoglobulin G antibodies to the rat nervous system following intranasal administration: Distribution, dose-response, and mechanisms of delivery

Kumar, N. N., Lochhead, J. J., Pizzo, M. E., Nehra, G., Boroumand, S., Greene, G., & Thorne, R. G. (2018) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.006 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Targeted Assessment of Enlargement of the Perivascular Space in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia Subtypes Implicates Astroglial Involvement Specific to Alzheimer’s Disease

Boespflug, E. L., Simon, M. J., Leonard, E., Grafe, M. R., Woltjer, R. L., Silbert, L. C., Kaye, J. A., & Iliff, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180367 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

nNOS-expressing interneurons control basal and behaviorally evoked arterial dilation in somatosensory cortex of mice

Echagarruga, C., Gheres, K. W., Norwood, J. N., & Drew, P. J. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.60533 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Harnessing cerebrospinal fluid circulation for drug delivery to brain tissues

Naseri Kouzehgarani, G., Feldsien, T., Engelhard, H. H., Mirakhur, K. K., Phipps, C., Nimmrich, V., Clausznitzer, D., & Lefebvre, D. R. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Periarteriolar spaces modulate cerebrospinal fluid transport into brain and demonstrate altered morphology in aging and Alzheimer’s disease

Mestre, H., Verma, N., Greene, T. D., Lin, L. A., Ladrón-de-Guevara, A., Sweeney, A. M., Liu, G., Thomas, V. K., Galloway, C. A., Bentley, K. L. D. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31257-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus development after germinal matrix hemorrhage: Established mechanisms and proposed pathways

Klebe, D. W., McBride, D. W., Krafft, P. R., Flores, J. J., Tang, J., & Zhang, J. H. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24394 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Impaired Glymphatic System Actions in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Adults

Roy, B., Nunez, A., Aysola, R., Kang, D. W., Vacas, S., & Kumar, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.884234 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

The impact of neurovascular, blood-brain barrier, and glymphatic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases

(2020) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Targeting Pathogenic Lafora Bodies in Lafora Disease Using an Antibody-Enzyme Fusion

Brewer, M. K., Uittenbogaard, A., Austin, G. L., Segvich, D. M., DePaoli-Roach, A. A., Roach, P. J., McCarthy, J. J., Simmons, Z. R., Brandon, J. A., Zhou, Z., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts

Janigro, D., Bailey, D. M., Lehmann, S., Badaut, J., O’flynn, R., Hirtz, C., & Marchi, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.577312 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

AQP1 and AQP4 Contribution to Cerebrospinal Fluid Homeostasis

Trillo-Contreras, J. L., Toledo‐Aral, J. J., Echevarrı́a, M., & Villadiego, J. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8020197 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Protein-protein interactions in neurodegenerative diseases: A conspiracy theory

Thompson, T., Chaggar, P., Kuhl, E., & Goriely, A. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008267 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Molecular architecture determines brain delivery of a transferrin receptor–targeted lysosomal enzyme

Arguello, A., Mahon, C. S., Calvert, M., Chan, D., Dugas, J. C., Pizzo, M. E., Thomsen, E. R., Chau, R., Damo, L. A., Duque, J. N., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20211057 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Imaging for central nervous system (CNS) interstitial fluidopathy: disorders with impaired interstitial fluid dynamics

Taoka, T., & Naganawa, S. (2020) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-020-01017-0 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Glymphatic dysfunction in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder

Lee, D. A., Lee, H., & Park, K. M. (2021) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13573 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Glymphatic function assessment in Parkinson's disease using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space

Bae, Y. J., Kim, J., Choi, B. S., Choi, J.-H., Ryoo, N., Song, Y. S., Cho, S. J., & Kim, J. H. (2023) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105767 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Imaging the effect of the circadian light–dark cycle on the glymphatic system in awake rats

Cai, X., Qiao, J., Kulkarni, P. P., Harding, I. C., Ebong, E. E., & Ferris, C. F. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1914017117 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Apolipoprotein E4 and meningeal lymphatics in Alzheimer disease: a conceptual framework

Mentis, A. A., Dardiotis, E., & Chrousos, G. P. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0731-7 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Advances and controversies in meningeal biology

Betsholtz, C., Engelhardt, B., Koh, G. Y., McDonald, D. M., Proulx, S. T., & Siegenthaler, J. A. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01701-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

The need for mathematical modelling of spatial drug distribution within the brain

Vendel, E., Rottschäfer, V., & de Lange, E. C. M. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0133-x · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Functional analysis of the human perivascular subarachnoid space

Eide, P. K., & Ringstad, G. A. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46329-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

The mechanisms behind perivascular fluid flow

Daversin, C., Vinje, V., Mardal, K., & Rognes, M. E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244442 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Central nervous system zoning: How brain barriers establish subdivisions for CNS immune privilege and immune surveillance

Proulx, S. T., & Engelhardt, B. (2022) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13469 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

New insight into Alzheimer's disease: Light reverses Aβ‐obstructed interstitial fluid flow and ameliorates memory decline in APP/PS1 mice

Yue, X., Mei, Y., Zhang, Y., Tong, Z., Cui, D., Wang, A., Wang, R., Wang, R., Fei, X., Di, Y., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.007 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Parameter-robust formulation and preconditioning of poroelasticity equations for brain modelling

Piersanti, E. (2023) · Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo) · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Best practices for the use of intracerebroventricular drug delivery devices

Slavc, I., Cohen-Pfeffer, J. L., Gururangan, S., Krauser, J. M., Lim, D. A., Maldaun, M. V. C., Schwering, C., Shaywitz, A. J., & Westphal, M. (2018) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.05.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Astrogliogenesis in human fetal brain: complex spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns of GFAP , S100, AQP 4 and YKL ‐40

Holst, C. B., Brøchner, C. B., Vitting‐Seerup, K., & Møllgård, K. (2019) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.12948 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy aggravates perivascular clearance impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Kim, S. H., Ahn, J. H., Yang, H. J., Lee, P., Koh, G. Y., & Jeong, Y. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-01042-0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Current progress and limitations of AAV mediated delivery of protein therapeutic genes and the importance of developing quantitative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models

Chowdhury, E. A., Meno‐Tetang, G. M. L., Chang, H. Y., Wu, S., Huang, H. W., Jamier, T., Chandran, J. S., & Shah, D. K. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.017 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases

Ding, Z., Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Yao, M., Wang, G., Dong, Y., Liu, J., & Song, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179988 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

CrossTalk proposal: The glymphatic system supports convective exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid that is mediated by perivascular aquaporin‐4

Iliff, J. J., & Simon, M. J. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277635 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

The Glymphatic System in Central Nervous System Health and Disease: Past, Present, and Future

Plog, B. A., & Nedergaard, M. (2017) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-051217-111018 · Cited by 780 · see citing works

Fluid transport in the brain

Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2020 · Cited by 622 · see citing works

Mapping the Brain’s Glymphatic System

Voumvourakis, K. I., Thomaidis, N. S., & Tsiodras, S. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14020409 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases

Ding, Z., Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Yao, M., Wang, G., Dong, Y., Liu, J., & Song, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179988 · Cited by 104 · see citing works